While the term "blog" was not created until the late 1990s, blogging history started with some digital precursors. Before blogging became popular, the digital community took many forms, including Usenet, commercial online services such as GEnie, BiX and early CompuServe, email lists and Bulletin Board Systems (BBS). In the 1990s, Internet forum software, such as WebEx, made conversations run with "threads". Thread is a topical connection between messages on the "corkboard" metaphor. Some people equate blogging with the Mass Observation project in the mid-20th century.
Video History of blogging
1983-1993
Usenet is the main serial media included in the original definition of the Internet. It features moderate newsgroups that allow all posts in newsgroups to be under the control of individuals or small groups. Most such newsgroups are only moderated discussion forums, but by the end of 1983, mod.ber, created, named and managed by Brian E. Redman; he and several partners regularly post summaries of interesting posts and threads that occur elsewhere on the internet. Another moderator's newsgroup, rec.humor.funny (rec.humor.funny via Google Groups), began on August 7, 1987. In 2016, the group still exists but is inactive, because there are no jokes posted for two years.
In the early 1990s, when Tim Berners-Lee coined the term "world wide web" and defined the first standards for HTML and URLs, the specifications included "USENET newsgroups for serial publishing and discussion."
Maps History of blogging
1994-2001
Modern blogs evolve from online diaries, where people will keep their personal life accounts. Most such writers call themselves as diarist, journalist, or journalist. Some people call themselves "escribitionists". The Open Pages website includes members of the online journal community. Justin Hall, who started eleven years of personal blogging in 1994 when a student at Swarthmore College, is generally recognized as one of the earliest bloggers, such as Jerry Pournelle. Another early blog is Wearable Wireless Webcam, an online online diary of one's personal life that combines text, video, and images transmitted directly from a wearable computer and EyeTap device to a website in 1994. This semi-automated blogging practice with video directly along with the text referred to as sousveillance, and such journals are also used as evidence in legal matters.
Other forms of online journal are also available. A noteworthy example is the widely read journal of programmer John Carmack, published via the finger protocol. Some of the earliest bloggers, such as Steve Gibson of sCary's Quakeholio (now Shacknews) and Stephen Heaslip from Blue's News (still running since 1995 with an online archive back in July 1996), evolved from the Quake scene and Carmack renewal plans. Steve Gibson was hired to create a full-time blog by Entertainment Ritual on February 8, 1997, possibly making him the first rented blogger. Another example of early blogging is the Children's Daily diary, which was started in 1995 by Rose Marshack at http://posterchildren.com/history.php?year=1995.
The blog was created by Ian Ring in 1997. His online journal program has never been called a "blog", and has a very limited function, consisting of text clumps related to dates in the Access database. The ring experimented again with data-powered journalling in 2002, to provide CMS for the popular health and health website SeekWellness.com, publishing weekly posts by fitness columnist Donald Ardell. Ring likes to claim that he "invented the blog", which is technically correct even though there are other projects that can make the same claim with the greater authority.
Another early example of early online entry into the blogging evolution was created by Dave Winer. Winer is considered a pioneer of Web syndication techniques and has been considered one of the "father" blogging. As a Scripting News editor claimed that his site was "bootstrap blogging revolution and it was the longest running Web Log on the internet." Winer does not use the term "blog" and never claimed that term. However he has gone on record saying that "The first blog was inspired by this blog, in fact many of them, including Barger's Wisdom Robot, are using my software."
Websites, including company sites and personal homepages, own and still often have a "What's New" or "News" section, often on index pages and sorted by date. One example of a news-based "weblog" is the Drudge Report that was founded by Matt Drudge's self-styled maverick reporter, although it seems that Drudge does not like this classification. The other two - Institute of Public Accuracy and Arts & amp; Daily Mail - started posting news releases featuring multiple one-weekly paragraph quotes beginning in 1998. One important precursor worth noting about a blog is the personal website that is frequently updated by Usenet's legend, Kibo.
Weblog start is just a component that is updated manually from a public website. However, the evolution of tools to facilitate the production and maintenance of web articles posted in reverse chronological order makes the publishing process feasible for a much larger, less technical population. Ultimately, this results in a different online publishing class that generates blogs that we recognize today. For example, the use of some browser-based software is now a typical aspect of "blogging". Blogs can be hosted by a dedicated blog hosting service, or they can be run using, such as WordPress, Movable Type, Blogger or LiveJournal, or on a regular web hosting service.
The term "weblog" was coined by Jorn Barger on December 17, 1997. The short form, "blog," was created by Peter Merholz, who jokingly broke the word weblog into the phrase our blog on his sidebar Peterme.com blog in April or May 1999. Shortly thereafter, Evan Williams in Pyra Labs uses "blog" as a noun and verb ("to blog," meaning "to edit someone's weblog or to post to weblog of a person ") and find the term" blogger "in connection with Blogger Pyra Labs products, leading to the term popularization.
After a slow start, blogging quickly became popular. The spread of blog usage during 1999 and subsequent years, which was increasingly popularized by the almost simultaneous arrival of the first hosted blog tool:
- The Open Diary was launched in October 1998, soon growing into thousands of online diaries. Open Diary innovates reader comments, becoming the first blog community where readers can add comments to other blog authors' posts.
- SlashDot, a popular blog for "nerds" technology was launched in September 1997.
- Brad Fitzpatrick, a famous blogger started LiveJournal in March 1999.
- Andrew Smales made Pitas.com in July 1999 an easier alternative to maintaining a "news page" on the website, followed by DiaryLand in September 1999, focusing more on the private diary community.
- Drew Peloso and Steven Hatch launched Onclave in late 1999, blogging and syndication platforms written in Dave Winer's Frontier.
- Evan Williams and Meg Hourihan (Pyra Labs) launched blogger.com in August 1999 (purchased by Google in February 2003)
Blogging combines personal web pages with tools to make linking to other pages easier - especially permalink, blogroll and TrackBacks. This, along with the weblog search engine allows bloggers to track the threads that connect them with others with similar interests.
2001-2004
Some of the most popular American political blogs appeared in 2001: Ron Gunzburger's Politics1, Taegan Goddard's Political Wire, Glenn Reynolds' Instapundit, Charles Johnson's Little Green Footballs, and MyDD Jerome Armstrong. Andrew Sullivan AndrewSullivan.com - now titled "The Daily Dish" - was launched in October 2000 and gained readership during 2001, especially after the September 11 attacks. (Two of America's most popular political blogs were Bob Somerby's Daily Howler, launched in 1998, and Kausfiles from Mickey Kaus, launched in 1999).
In 2001, blogging was enough of a phenomenon that manuals began to emerge, especially focusing on techniques. The importance of the blogging community (and its relationship with the larger community) is increasing rapidly. Well-established journalism schools began researching blogging and noted the difference between journalism and blogging.
Also in 2002, many blogs focused on comments by US Senate Main Leader Trent Lott. Senator Lott, at a party honoring US Senator Strom Thurmond, praised Senator Thurmond by suggesting that the United States would be better off if Thurmond was elected president. Lott's critics see these comments as the tacit approval of racial segregation, a policy backed by Thurmond's presidential campaign in 1948. This view is reinforced by documents and interview recordings unearthed by bloggers. (See Josh Marshall's
The impact of this story gives greater credibility to the blog as a medium of news spread. Although often seen as partisan gossip, bloggers sometimes take the lead in bringing key information into the public spotlight, with mainstream media having to follow in their footsteps. More often, however, news blogs tend to react to material already published by mainstream media.
Since 2002, blogs have received increased notifications and coverage for their role in breaking down, shaping, and playing news. The Iraq War saw bloggers take a measurable and vigorous viewpoint that surpassed the traditional left-right split of the political spectrum.
Blogging was founded by politicians and political candidates to express opinions about wars and other issues and unify the role of blogs as a source of news. (See Howard Dean and Wesley Clark.) Meanwhile, more and more experts create blogs, making blogs a source of in-depth analysis. (See Daniel Drezner and J. Bradford DeLong.)
Blogging is used to draw attention to unknown sources of news. For example, bloggers linked to traffic cameras in Madrid when large anti-terrorism demonstrations filled the streets in the wake of the March 11 attacks.
Bloggers began to make almost instantaneous comments on television broadcasts, creating a secondary meaning of the word "blogging": to simultaneously transcribe and edit speeches and shows on television. (For example, "I write a blog about Rice's testimony" means "I post my reaction to Condoleezza Rice's testimony into my blog when I watch it on television.") Real-time comments are sometimes referred to as "liveblogging."
2004-present
In 2004, the role of blogs became increasingly common, such as political consultants, news services and candidates beginning to use them as a tool for outreach and opinion formation. Even politicians who are not actively campaigning, like the British Labor MP, Tom Watson, begin to establish relationships with constituents.
Minnesota Public Radio broadcasts programs by Christopher Lydon and Matt Stoller called "The blogging of the President," which includes a transformation in politics that blogging seems to be a harbinger. The Columbia Journalism Review begins regular coverage of blogs and blogging. The anthology of blog pieces reaches print, and the personality of blogging begins to appear on radio and television. In the summer of 2004, both Democratic and Republican conventions endorsed bloggers, and blogs became a standard part of the publicity storehouse. Major television programs, such as Chris Matthews' Hardball , formed their own blogs. Merriam-Webster's dictionary states "blog" as a year word in 2004.
The blog is one of the driving forces behind the "Rathergate" scandal, namely: (television journalist) And Rather presents the document (on the 60 Minutes CBS show) contrary to the notes received from the records of President Bush's military service. Blogger declared the document a forgery and presented evidence and arguments to support that view, and CBS apologized for what he said was inadequate reporting techniques (see Little Green Footballs). Many bloggers see this scandal as the emergence of blogging by the mass media, both as a source of news and opinions and as a means of applying political pressure.
Some bloggers have moved to other media. The following bloggers (and others) have appeared on radio and television: Duncan Black (widely known by his pseudonym, Atrios), Glenn Reynolds (Instapundit), Markos Moulitsas ZÃÆ'ºniga (Kos Daily), Alex Steffen (Worldchanging) and Ana Marie Cox (Wonkette). In contrast, Hugh Hewitt exemplifies the personality of the mass media that has moved in another direction, increasing its reach in the "old media" by becoming an influential blogger. Music blog publisher Jeff Davidson, Earvolution.com, is now producing Sun Studio Sessions that aired on PBS stations across the US.
Some blogs were an important source of news during the December 2004 Tsunami such as MÃÆ'  © decins Sans FrontiÃÆ'¨¨res, which uses SMS text messages to report from affected areas in Sri Lanka and South India. Similarly, during Hurricane Katrina in August 2005 and after several blogs located in New Orleans, including Interdictor and Gulfsails were able to maintain power and Internet connections and disseminate information not covered by the mainstream media.
In 2005, Global Voices Online, a site that "gathers, curates and amplifies online conversations online - shines on places and people who are often ignored by other media" surfaced, bringing to bloggers from around the world. Today, the site has links with Reuters and is responsible for solving many of the global news.
In the UK, The Guardian newspaper launched a redesign in September 2005, including digesting the daily blog on page 2. Also in June 2006, BBC News launched a weblog for its editor, following other news. company.
In January 2005, Fortune magazine listed eight bloggers whose business people "can not ignore": Peter Rojas, Xeni Jardin, Ben Trott, Mena Trott, Jonathan Schwartz, Jason Goldman, Robert Scoble, and Jason Calacanis.
In 2007, Tim O'Reilly proposed the Blogger Code of Ethics.
In 2011, Tom Knighton, owner of Knighton Media, Inc., announced that his company was buying The Albany Journal. Knighton Media was formed to manage Knighton's blog, Laws-n-Sausages, and this is the first time that a blog has bought newspapers anywhere in the world.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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