The Western pattern diet or Standard American Diet (SAD) is a modern diet pattern commonly characterized by a high intake of red and processed meat, butter, fried foods, high quality. dairy products, eggs, processed grains, potatoes, and high-carbon soft drinks. The modern American standard diet brought about by fundamental lifestyle changes after the Neolithic Revolution, and, later, the Industrial Revolution.
In contrast, a healthy diet has a higher proportion of fruits, nuts, vegetables, whole grain foods, poultry, and fish.
Video Western pattern diet
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The diet is "rich in red meat, dairy products, processed and home-made foods, and salt, with intake of fruits, vegetables, fish, nuts, and whole grains." Various food and food processing procedures introduced during the Neolithic and Industrial Age have fundamentally altered the 7 nutritional characteristics of the ancestral hominin diet: glycemic load, fatty acid composition, macronutrient composition, micronutrient density, acid-base balance, sodium-potassium ratio, and fiber content.
The typical American food is about 50% carbohydrates, 15% protein, and 35% fat. This macronutrient intake belongs to the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for adults identified by the Food and Nutrition Board of the US Institute of Medicine as "associated with a reduced risk of chronic disease while providing adequate essential nutritional intake," which is -65 % carbohydrates, 10-35% protein, and 20-35% fat as a percentage of total energy. However, the nutritional quality of certain foods consisting of macronutrients is often poor, as is the "Western" pattern discussed above. Complex carbohydrates such as starch are believed to be healthier than the sugar that is often consumed in the Standard American Diet.
A review of eating habits in the United States in 2004 found that about 75% of restaurant food comes from fast food restaurants. Almost half of the meals ordered from the menu are hamburgers, fries, or poultry - and about a third of orders include carbonated beverage drinks. From 1970 to 2008, per capita caloric consumption increased by nearly a quarter in the United States and about 10% of all calories came from high fructose corn syrup.
Americans consume more than 13% of their daily calories in the form of added sugar. Drinks such as aromatic water, soft drinks, and caffeinated beverages produce 47% of this added sugar.
Americans age 1 and above consume significantly less sugar, oil, saturated fat, and sodium than those suggested in the Dietary Guidelines outlined by the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. 89% of Americans consume more sodium than recommended. In addition, excessive oil consumption, saturated fat, and added sugar were seen in 72%, 71%, and 70% of the American population, respectively.
Consumers are turning to margarine because of concerns over the high levels of saturated fat found in butter. In 1958, margarine has become more commonly consumed than butter, with an average American consuming 8.9 pounds of margarine per year. Margarine is produced with a vegetable oil refining, a process that introduces elic acid elic that is not found naturally in food. The consumption of trans fatty acids such as trans elaidic acid has been linked to cardiovascular disease. In 2005, the consumption of margarine has dropped below the consumption of butter due to the risks associated with trans fat intake.
Vegetable consumption is low among Americans, with only 13% of the population consuming the recommended amount. Boys ages 9 to 13 and girls ages 14 to 18 consume the lowest amount of vegetables compared to the general population. Potatoes and tomatoes, which are key components of many foods, account for 39% of the vegetables consumed by Americans. 60% of the vegetables are consumed individually, 30% are included as part of the dish, and 10% are found in the sauce.
Whole grains should consist of more than half the total grain consumption, and processed grains should not exceed half of the total grain consumption. However, 85.3% of cereals eaten by Americans are produced with processed grains, in which germs and bran are removed. Grain purification increases shelf life and softens bread and pastries; However, the distillation process decreases the nutritional quality.
Maps Western pattern diet
Health issues
Based on epidemiological studies, compared with a healthy diet, Western dietary patterns are positively correlated with increased incidence of obesity, death from heart disease, cancer (especially colon cancer), and other related "dietary patterns of the West". There is an evolutionary discrepancy between the ancient human physiology and the Western diet; this underlies the disease of civilization, which includes type II diabetes, epithelial cell cancer, autoimmune disease, osteoporosis, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and obesity. There is also a correlation between Western dietary patterns and an increase in inflammatory diseases, which is very clear in relation to fiber and fat content. The high levels of omega-6 fatty acids compared with omega-3 fatty acids in Western foods are believed to contribute to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, as well as cancer and cardiovascular disease.
Crostnn disease and inflammatory bowel disease
Western dietary patterns consisting of processed sugars and polyunsaturated fatty acids have been linked to Crohn's disease. Crohn's disease has an effect on the symbiotic bacteria in the human gut that show a positive correlation with the Western diet. Crohn's is an inflammatory disease associated with immunological responses. Symptoms can range from severe abdominal pain to diarrhea and fever. Inflammatory bowel disease has shown increased development with Western dietary patterns, and high sugar consumption and low vegetable intake are directly correlated with an increase in Crohn's disease. Inflammatory bowel disease does not show an increase in risk factors only in relation to disease progression associated with Western dietary patterns.
Obesity
Western pattern patterns are associated with an increased risk of obesity. There is a positive correlation between Western dietary patterns and some plasma biomarkers that may be a mediator of obesity, such as HDL cholesterol, fasting insulin, and leptin. Meta-analysis also showed that, compared with a healthy diet, Western pattern patterns were associated with weight gain among women. Due to the high diet of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and fish, Western diets are associated with an increased risk of being overweight among teenagers.
Diabetes
Several studies have shown that there is a positive correlation between the adoption of Western dietary patterns and the incidence of type 2 diabetes between men and women. A strong adoption of the Western dietary pattern, when combined with obesity and decreased physical activity, is associated with a very high risk of type 2 diabetes. In addition, the genetic predisposition for diabetes interacts cooperatively with the Western dietary pattern to increase the risk of diabetes.
Cancer
Western pattern patterns are generally associated with an increased risk of cancer. Meta-analysis has found that a diet pattern consistent with Western dietary patterns is positively correlated with risk of prostate cancer. In addition, a 1998 case review found that the Western dietary pattern was directly associated with a high risk for colon cancer [2]. This conclusion has been verified by several other studies, which also show an increase in rectal cancer rates in cases that maintain a Western dietary pattern. No significant relationship has been established between the Western dietary pattern and breast cancer. Breast cancer epidemiologists have found that women with more Western diets have a statistically not significantly increased risk of breast cancer. A recent study led by the National Institutes of Health suggests that a Western diet can actually lead to an increase in free estradiol levels in women, which has benefits in terms of breast cancer prevention.
Heart disease
There are several studies that link Western dietary patterns with heart disease. In 2008, the INTERHEART study, funded by the Canadian Institute of Health Research, concluded that the risk of myocardial infarction is 30% higher for individuals who consume Western dietary patterns than individuals who consume a wise diet. A second study conducted in 2008 by Circulation also concluded that the Western dietary pattern increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality in healthy US women. With that, meta-analysis and surveys in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology have linked cardiovascular disease and/or coronary heart disease to refined carbohydrates, sugary drinks, and red and processed meats, the three main components of the Western diet.
Prevalence
The west-versus-eastern dichotomy becomes less relevant because such a diet is no longer "foreign" to any global region (just as traditional East Asian cuisine is no longer "foreign" in the west), but the term is still good. - short abbreviations in medical literature, wherever the diet is found. Other dietary patterns described in medical research include the pattern of "drinkers" and "meat eaters". Due to variability in the diet, individuals are usually classified not only as "following" or "not following" a given diet, but by ranking them based on how closely their diets line up with each pattern in turn. The researchers then compared the results between the closest group following the pattern given to the closest group following the given pattern.
History
The Western Diet present in the world today is a consequence of the Neolithic revolution and the Industrial revolution. The Neolithic Revolution introduces a staple diet of western diet, including lean meat, sugar, alcohol, salt, cereal grains, and dairy products. The modern Western diet emerged after the Industrial Revolution, which introduced new methods of food processing including the addition of cereals, refined sugars, and processed vegetable oils to Western diets, and also increased the fat content of domesticated meat. Recently, food processors started replacing sugar with high fructose corn syrup.
See also
- European cuisine
- Fast food
- Healthy diet
- Food junk
- Mediterranean diet
- Metabolic Syndrome
- Nutritional Gatekeepers
References
External links
- Report on Obesity 2014
- USQ Obesity Study 2017
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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