Open plan is a generic term used in architectural and interior design for every floor plan that utilizes large open spaces and minimizes the use of small enclosed spaces such as private offices. The term may also refer to a residential landscape, a business park, etc., where no property restrictions are set, such as hedges, fences or walls. In residential design, open plans or open concept (a term used predominantly in Canada) describes the removal of barriers such as walls and doors that traditionally separate different functional areas, such as kitchens, living room and dining room.
Video Open plan
Home
In the 1880s, small public spaces in homes with certain functions began to be replaced by larger rooms that would cater for various uses, with kitchens, bedrooms and bathrooms still enclosed in private spaces. Larger rooms are made possible by progress in centralized heating which allows larger space to be stored at a comfortable temperature.
Frank Lloyd Wright was one of the early proponents for open-plan designs in homes, expanding the ideas of Charles and Henry Greene and the architecture of the shingle style. Wright's design is based on a centralized kitchen that opens into another public space in the home where housewives will "more" officio 'hostess, operate in friendly relations to her home instead of being a kitchen mechanic behind closed doors. "
Benefits
A house with this type of layout has one or more large, open spaces that serve as several rooms in a living space. The most common is the "big room" that combines the kitchen, dining room, and living room in a common room. This floor plan usually works well in homes with smaller areas, while larger homes have more opportunities to work when integrating large spaces into floor plans.
The lifting of interior walls improves the view and natural light. It allows sunlight from the windows on the exterior walls to seep into the entire house.
Maps Open plan
Office space
Development of open plan type workspace
Before the 1950s, the open-plan office consisted mostly of the usual rows of tables or benches in which scribes, typists, or technicians perform repetitive tasks. Such designs are rooted in the work of industrial engineers or efficiency experts such as Frederick Winslow Taylor and Henry Ford. In the 1950s a German team called Quickborner developed an office landscape, which uses conventional furniture, curved screens, large potted plants, and organic geometry to create large and open workgroup working groups. Office landscapes are quickly replaced by office furniture companies that develop booths based on panel-hung or system furniture. Many terms (mostly humiliations) have been used from time to time for offices that use the old-fashioned open-air staircase.
The increase of knowledge work and the advent of cellular technology during the late 20th century led to an evolution in open offices. Many companies have begun experimenting with designs that provide a mix of booths, open workstations, private offices, and group workstations. In some cases, this is not assigned to one particular individual, but is available to any good corporate employee who can be booked or "drop-in" (first come, first served) basis. Terms for this strategy include Hoteling, "alternative officers" and "hotdesking".
Michael Bloomberg uses a team-oriented bullpen style - where employees can see and hear each other freely, but the table is grouped into teams - in its Bloomberg LP media company and for its staff while Mayor of New York City (at office: 2002-2013 ).
Evaluation
No open or closed office is perfect for all situations or for all individuals. Appropriate balance is required. Every office design tends to involve trade-offs for workers, with some positive and negative things.
Architects Frank Duffy developed a taxonomy to classify forms of office space suitable for different types of workers. How many individual interactions are required, work design (ie, number of work autonomy), along with available information technology, predicts the most appropriate office design with workers.
Losses
A systematic survey of research on the impact of open offices finds many negative effects in some traditional workplaces: high levels of noise, stress, conflict, high blood pressure and high staff turnover. The noise level in open offices greatly reduces productivity, which drops to a third relative to what will happen in a quiet room. New technologies such as voice activation and cellular phones also reduce effectiveness in open plan settings.
Open offices have often been found to reduce confidential or private conversations involving employees, and to reduce job satisfaction, concentration and performance, while improving hearing and vision loss.
Open offices have been found to increase the risk of employees who need to take time off for sickness.
See also
- Panoptikon
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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