A barber (from Latin barba , "beard") is a person whose job is mainly to cut, dress, groom, style and shave men and boys hair. Barber workplaces are known as "barber shops" or "barbers". The barber shop is also a place of social interaction and public discourse. In some cases, barbershop is also a public forum. They are the location of open debate, voicing public concerns, and engaging citizens in discussions on contemporary issues. They are also influential in helping to shape male identity.
In the past, barbers (known as barber surgeons) also performed surgery and dentistry. With the development of safety razors and the decline in the prevalence of beards, in English-speaking cultures, most barbers now specialize in cutting male head hair as opposed to facial hair.
Video Barber
Terminology
In modern times, the term "barber" is used both as a professional title and to refer to a hairdresser specializing in male hair. Historically, all hairdressers are considered barbers. In the 20th century, the makeup profession branched off from barbering, and today's hairstylist can be licensed as a barber or a beautician. Barbers differ in relation to where they work, which services are licensed for them to provide, and what names they use to call themselves. Part of this difference in terminology depends on the rules in a particular location.
Different states in the US vary on labor laws and their licensing. For example, in Maryland, a beautician can not use a straight razor, which is strictly reserved for barbers. In contrast, in New Jersey both are governed by the State Cosmetology Agency and there is no more legal difference in barbers and beauticians, as they issue the same license and can practice both straight razor razors, dyes, other chemicals. work and cut hair if they choose.
In Australia, the official term for barbers is a hairdresser; barbers are just a popular name for male hairdressers, though not as popular now as they were in the mid-20th century. Most will work in hair styling salons .
Maps Barber
History
The barber trade has a long history: a razor has been found among the Bronze Age relics (about 3500 BC) in Egypt. In ancient Egyptian culture, barbers were highly respected individuals. Priests and medical people are the earliest examples of barbers. The men in Ancient Greece will have their beards, hair, and fingernails trimmed and styled by the ancient Greek text ??????? ( cureus ), in an agora (market) which also serves as a social gathering for debate and gossip. In addition, many Egyptian barbers use meat fat to lubricate the genitals before shaving, as it is considered a superior shaving product. Peppermint oil is mixed with meat fat, as it helps to minimize the development of folliculitis.
Barbering was introduced to Rome by the Greek colonies in Sicily in 296 BC, and barber shops were quickly becoming a hugely popular center for daily news and gossip. The morning visit to sponsor is part of the daily routine, as important as the visit to the public bath, and the first shave of a young man ( tonsura ) is considered an important part of the coming ceremony her age. Some Roman tonsores become rich and influential, running the shops that are the favorite public spots of the upper class; However, most are simple traders, who have small storefronts or work on the streets at low prices.
Starting from the Middle Ages, barbers often served as surgeons and dentists. In addition to haircut, hair styling and shaving, barbers perform surgery, bloodshed and leeches, fire lobes, enemas, and tooth extractions; get them the name "barber surgeon". The barber pole, which features the lines of red and white spirals, represents different aspects of the craft. Barbers-the surgeons began to form strong unions like the Prayer Company in London. The barber received a higher fee than the surgeon until the surgeon entered the British warship during the sea war. Some barbers duties include neck manipulation, ear cleansing and scalp, drying boils, fistula and lancing cysts with axes.
the 19th and later 19th century
Barbershops was influential at the turn of the 19th century in the United States as an African American business that helped develop African American culture and economics. According to Trudier Harris, "In addition to its status as a gathering place, the black haircut also serves as a complicated and often opposed microcosm of the larger world, an environment that can enhance the ego and support and the place where false men can be destroyed, or at least very shy, from participation in verbal contests and other skill contests.This is a retreat, a refuge, an escape from an annoying and caring wife of the world.This is a place where men can be men.This is a place, unlike the bar Gordone, be somebody. "
In 1893, A. B. Moler of Chicago, founded a school for barbers. This is the first institution of its kind in the world, and its success is seen from the beginning. It stands for higher education in its ranks, and its parent school is quickly followed by branches in almost every major city in the United States. At the beginning of the barber school, only the practical work of shaving, cutting hair, facial care, etc., was taught because neither the public nor the profession was prepared to receive scientific treatment from hair, skin and scalp. It was not until about 1920 that much effort was made to professionalize the work.
In the early 1900s the alternative word for barbers, "chirotonsor", came into use in the United States.
Sam Mature's barber, whose interview with Studs Terkel published in a 1974 book, Working, said: "A guy used to cut his hair every few weeks, now he's waiting for a month or two, some of them even longer Many people will get treatment and repair every week Most of these people retire, move, or die.This is all because of long hair.You take old people, they want to look neat, to be worthy. Now people do not seem to care. "
Despite the economic recession in 2008, the barber shop industry has seen continued positive growth.
The training to become a barber is achieved through a variety of ways around the world. In the United States, barber training is done in "School of Barber".
Costs - Many states require a barber license to practice barber professionally. The cost of barber schools varies from state to state, as well as from metro areas to metro areas. Schools in larger metropolitan areas tend to be more expensive than in rural towns. Brand names can also affect the cost of a school barber. Most barber schools charge between $ 6,500 and $ 10,000 to complete. Since each country has a different minimum for training hours, the length and cost of the program may vary. Some money schools include supplies and textbooks, while others do not. Barber license exam fees typically range from $ 50 to $ 150.
Length - Most states require the same number of hours of training for barbers as they do for beauticians. The number of hours required ranges from 800 to 2,000 hours of training, depending on the state licensing requirements. Most programs can be completed in 15 months or less.
Curriculum - The barber school curriculum consists of cutting hair, dyeing and styling male hair and short hair. Chemical processes such as bleaching, dyeing, lightening and relaxing hair can also be taught. All cosmetology disciplines study the best practices of safety and sanitation. Barbers can expect to learn some elements of anatomy, physiology, bacteriology and some small pharmacological elements. It also teaches facial hair techniques, including traditional and modern shaving. Generally the barber program touches on massage and scalp treatment. Advanced barber training may include a special shave design. It is more common in barbering schools than other cosmetology disciplines to gain business and ethical education, because entrepreneurship is very common in barbering trades with many professionals opting to open their own barbershops. All the skills learned in the barber school will be tested on board exams, which usually feature written and practical exams.
Tools
- The barber chair
- hair cutter
- Barber or wrapper (Victoria, Australia)
- Barber powder (talcum powder or baby powder)
- Hair brush
- Comb
- Neck/tape paper cutter
- The barber mirror or the rear mirror
- Shining hair
- Hair cream
- Hairdryer, hair blower or blow drier
- Hair gel
- Pomade hair
- Haircut
- Hair spray
- Hair tonic
- Hair wax
- Shave Brush
- Shaving oil
- Shaving razor
- Candle mustache
- Shaving cream or shaving cream
Animal
The term "barbering" when applied to laboratory mice is a behavior in which rats will use their teeth to pull hair out of the cage faces when they are tidied up. This is done by male and female rats. The "barber" picks the receiver's vibrissae. That behavior may be related to social dominance.
See also
- Barbasol
- Barber Chair
- The paradigm of the barber
- The barber surgeon
- Barber's pole
- Barbershop music
- Beauty salon
- The Barbershop
- Makeup
- DOVO Solingen
- Facial hair
- Hairstyle
- A straight razor
- Thiers Issard
- The Bartering Company of the Barbers
References
Further reading
- Andrews, William. (Cottingham, Yorkshire: J.R. Tutin, 1904) At the barbender pole sign: studied in hirsute history . 118 pages. J. R. Tutin. and here for Project Gutenberg.
- Andrews, William, Pole Sign: Study in Hirsute History (Picture Edition) (Dodo Press) William Andrews (Dodo Press, 2009) 90 pages. Lethe Press Paperback 108 pages ISBN: 978-1-59021-081-9
- Rothman, Irving N., ed. Barber in Modern Jewish Culture. People, Place, and Object Genres, with Illustrations. Foreword: Maximillian E. Novak. Lewiston, NY: The Edward Mellen Press, 2008. 714 pp.
- Rothman, Irving N. "The Reliable Barber Supply Co. An Anonymous Chronological Bibliography of Barber - Second Delivery." Bulletin Bibliography 55.2 (1998): 101-21 [186 items.] ISSN 0190-745X
- Rothman, Irving N. "The Reliable Barber Supply Co.: Bibliography Annotated Barbers in World Culture." Bulletin of Bibliography. 51.4 (December 1994): 325-39. [147 items] ISSN 0190-745X
- Gross, Dominic, Wedding Strategy, Social Prestige, and Ironwork Surgeon Properties in 19th-century WÃÆ'¼rttemberg: Evaluation of Wedding Inventory and Probate , Historical Social Research 23/4, 1998, pp. Ã, 94-108
External links
- Media related to the Barbers shop on Wikimedia Commons
- Ã, "Barbers". EncyclopÃÆ'Â|dia Britannica . 3 (issue 11). 1911.
- Witch Statistics
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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