Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga is a style of yoga codified and popularized by K. Pattabhi Jois during the 20th century which is often promoted as a modern form of classical Indian yoga. Ashtanga means the eight branches or branches of yoga mentioned in the Patanjali Sutra Yoga, where the asana or physical yoga posture is just one branch, the breath or pranayama is another. Both Pattabhi Jois and Sharath Jois, his grandson, encourage the practice of Ashtanga Yoga - all eight limbs. The first two limbs - Yamas and Niyamas - are given special emphasis to be practiced along with third and fourth body members (asanas and pranayama).
Sri K. Pattabhi Jois began his yoga lesson in 1927 at the age of 12, and in 1948 had founded the Ashtanga Yoga Research Institute to teach certain yoga exercises known as Ashtanga Yoga (Sanskrit for Yoga "eight limbed"). The current teaching style is called the Mysore style.
Video Ashtanga vinyasa yoga
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The term "Mysore style" originates from the city of Mysore, in Karnataka, India, where the founders of the method were first taught. Students are expected to memorize the sequence and practice in the same room as the other without being led by the teacher. The role of the teacher is to guide and provide adjustments or help in posture.
In other locations, twice per week the Mysore-style class is now replaced with the led classes, where the teacher takes the group through the same series at the same time. The inclusion of two classes led per week is only included in the senior years of P. Jois.
Order and series
Usually Ashtanga practice begins with five repetitions of Surya Namaskara A and five repetitions of Surya Namaskara B, followed by a standing order. After this, the practitioner starts one of six series, followed by the so-called closing sequence.
The six series are:
- Primary Series: Chikitsa Yoga, Yoga for Health or Yoga Therapy
- Intermediate Series: Nadi Shodhana, The Nerve Purifier (also called the Second series)
- Advanced Series: Sthira Bhaga, Power Convergence
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- Advanced A, or Third series
- Advanced B, or Fourth series
- Advanced C, or Fifth series
- Advanced D, or Sixth Series
Previous practitioners of the style report originally had four series on the Ashtanga syllabus: Primary, Intermediate, Advanced A, and Continued B. A series of five were "Rishi series", which Guruji said can be done after a practitioner has "Mastered" these four men.
The instruction method
According to Sharath Jois, one must master the poses before being given permission to try others to follow. However, Manju Jois disagrees. According to Manju's records of his father's instructions, Pattabhi Jois also occasionally allows students to practice in non-linear formats. Many Pattahbhi Jois students now teach their Mysore classes in the same style, offering posture variations, and teaching Ashtanga in a much less linear style, with greater emphasis on harmony and breathing.
The "new generation" of young Sharath students has adopted Sharath's new rules, and taught in a linear style with no variation. According to the Sharath generation, variations are not allowed, and practice should be in a strict Mysore environment under the guidance of a teacher approved by Sharath. Guided video & amp; workshops, detailed alignment instructions, and strength training exercises are not part of the method, both for practitioners and teachers. This type of instruction was not approved by Sharath, and was never taught by Sharath. But most of his teachers who claim to have been taught by him will teach the above methods, exercises, & amp; posture, although none of what they teach is part of Ashtanga's teaching method under Sharath.
Pattabhi Jois also does not require students to retreat independently and rise from behind bending before progressing to the 2nd series. Sharath changed the terms, and now has made this mandatory.
Maps Ashtanga vinyasa yoga
Principles
Ashtanga vinyasa Yoga emphasizes certain key components, namely tristhana ("the three places of action or attention", or the physical aspect of the poses) and vinyasa (alignment of breath with movement).
Tristhana
Tristhana means three places of concern or action: the respiratory system (pranayama), posture (asana), and the searching place (dristhi). This is considered a core concept for the practice of ashtanga yoga; includes three levels of purification: the body, the nervous system and the mind; and should be "done with each other".
Asanas in ashtanga yoga follow the prescribed sequence as described above. Their goal is for the strength and flexibility of the body. Officially, this style has very little alignment instructions. However, many of Patthabi Jois's earliest teachers emphasized very detailed details and posture-shifting instructions, based on information they collected outside Pattabhi Jois's direct instructions. Guru Sharath follows the same trend, but unlike the Pattahbhi Jois students, attribute all their knowledge to Sharath. This is contrary to the fact that Sharath does not teach or talk about alignment at any point in the instruction of the student or teacher.
Breathe ideally and steadily in a long breath and breathe.
Drishti is where the eye focus when in the asana. In the ashtanga yoga method, there is a focal point specified for each asana. There are nine dristhis: the nose, between the eyebrows, the navel, the thumb, the hands, the feet, the top, the right and the left.
Vinyasa
Vinyasa is the alignment of the breath with the asana movement while practicing yoga. Founder Pattabhi Jois stated, "Vinyasa means 'the breathing system', without vinyasa, do not do asanas When vinyasa is perfect, mind is under control". For every movement, there is one breath. All asanas are given a number of vinyasas.
According to Sharath, "The purpose of vinyasa is for internal cleansing, breathing and moving together while performing asanas making hot blood, or as Pattabhi Jois says, boiling blood, dirty blood and causing illness in the body Heat created from yoga cleansing blood and make it thin, so it can circulate freely ". Sharath also claims that the heated blood secretes toxins, impurities and diseases from the organs through the sweat produced during exercise. He claims that "it is only through sweat that disease leaves the body and purification takes place".
Breath
Although ashtanga yoga maintains a stable general principle and even inhaling and exhaling, the breath specifications during the asana are disputed.
In his book, "Yoga Mala", Pattabhi Jois recommends to keep five to eight breaths in posture, or stay as long as possible in posture. The breathing instruction given is to rechaka and puraka, (exhale and breathe) as much as possible. "It's enough, however, to breathe in and out five to eight times in every posture." In an interview on the length of the breath, Pattabhi Jois sends practitioners to (translated quote), "Inhale 10 to 15 seconds and then exhale 10 to 15 seconds". He continues to clarify, "(As) your breath power may be 10 seconds of withdrawal and breathing, you do 10, 15 seconds possible, you do 15. A hundred possible, you do 100. 5 is possible, you do 5". His son, Manju Jois also recommends to take more breath in a difficult position.
Various influential figures have discussed the special process of breath in ashtanga. Pattabhi Jois recommends breathing fully and deeply with his mouth closed, though not specifically referring to Ujjayi's breathing. However, Manju Jois does and refers to the breathing called "'dirgha rechaka puraka', which means deep breath, deep, slow and inhale.It must be long, long, and like music.That voice is very important.You must do Ujjayi pranayama ". At the end of 2011, Sharath Jois, the grandson of Pattabhi Jois, expressed his feelings about the matter, stating that Ujjayi's breathing is not done in asana practice, but also states that breathing should breathe deeply with sound. He reaffirmed this idea at a conference in 2013 stating, "You do normal breathing, inhalation and breathing with sounds, Ujjayi breath is a type of pr ??? y? Ma. It's just a breath of ordinary free flow." In 2014 published on YouTube, Manju Jois avoids the question, "What's the difference between Ujjayi's breathing and free breath?" saying that "the breath in Ashtanga must be long and deep with a voice like the ocean". He also stated that if you do not make a sound, it's okay too. But he did not distinguish between the two terms and gave no explanation.
As far as other Pranayama types in Ashtanga, consensus seems to have to be practiced once the asana is overpowered. Pattabhi Jois initially taught Pranayama to those who practiced the second series, and then changed his mind, teaching Pranayama after the third series.
Sharath Jois recently produced a series of videos that teach alternative maternity noses for beginners. It was never taught to beginners by his grandfather, and is one of the many changes that Sharath has made to Ashtanga Yoga teaching methods.
Bandhas
Bandhas is one of three main principles in Ashtanga Vinyasa Yoga, along with breath and drishti. There are three major bandhas that are considered as internal body keys:
- M? la Bandha; or root key at the bottom of the pelvis (drawing on the perineum)
- U ??? y? na Bandha; pull back the belly, 2 inches below the navel
- J? la? dhara Bandha; lock throat, is achieved by lowering the chin slightly while raising the sternum.
Both Pattabhi Jois and Sharath Jois recommend practicing Mula and Uddiyana bandha even when not practicing asanas. Pattabhi Jois has this to say: (translated excerpt) "You really exhale, apply mulabandha and after inhaling you apply uddiyana bandha.. Both bandhas are very important... After practicing bandha, take (your attention) to the location where they apply and maintain that attention at all times, while walking, talking, sleeping and when walking is done Always you control mulabandha ".
Connection between breath and bandhas
Sharath Jois said, "Without bandhas, breathing will not be true, and asanas will not benefit".
Mantra
Ashtanga practices traditionally begin with the following Sanskrit mantra:
vande gur ???? cara ?? what are you? dar? ita sv tma sukh vabodhe
ni ?? reyase j ??? galik? yam? what? s h? l? hala moha ?? ntyai
? b? hu puru ?? k? ra? ? a ?? khakakr? what? ri? am sahasra? irasa? ? vetam pra? am mi pataÃÆ'Â ± jalim
which is roughly translated into English as:
I bowed to the feet of the teachers,
Happiness awakened from self is revealed,
Better, behave like a jungle doctor,
Penetrating delusions, poison Samsara.Taking the shape of a man to the shoulder,
Holding snails, discs, and swords,
A thousand white heads,
To Patanjali, I applaud
and closed with mangala mantra:
svastipraj? Why? parip? layant ?? ny? all this time rage? a mah ?? mah ????
gobr? hma? ebhya? ? ubhamastu nitya? lok ?? samast ?? sukhinobhavantu
which is roughly translated into English as:
Hopefully everything is fine with humanity,
Hopefully Earth leaders protect by all means by safeguarding the right path May there be good for those who know the Earth to be sacred May all the world be happy
History
Pattabhi Jois claimed to have studied the Ashtanga system of Sri T. Krishnamcharya, who learned it from a text called Yoga Kurunta by Vamama Rishi. This text was presented to Krishnamacharya in the early 1900s by his Master, Yogeshwara Ramamohana Brahmachari. Jois insisted that the text depicts all the "sanas and viny" Sass of the Ashtanga system series, but the Kurdish Yoga text is said to have been eaten by ants, so it is impossible to verify his statement.It is also unusual that the text is not mentioned as a source in either books by Krishnamcharya, Makaranda Yoga (1934) and Yog? Sanagalu (c.1941).
According to Manju Jois, the order of Ashtanga Yoga was created by Krishnamcharya. There is some evidence to support this in his book Yoga Makaranda, which lists almost all the postures of the Pattabhi Jois Primary Series and some postures of intermediate and advanced series, described with reference to vinyasa.
There is also evidence that the Ashtanga Yoga series incorporates the exercises used by Indian wrestlers and British gymnasts. The latest academic research details the documentary evidence that physical journals in the early 20th century are full of postural forms that are very similar to the Krishnamacharya asana system. In particular, the flowing solar namaskar, which later became the basis of the Mysore Krishnamacharya style, has not been considered a part of yogasana.
Eight feet from Ashtanga
Pattabhi Jois has never made a distinction between the sequence of asanas and the eight limbed Ashtanga Yoga associated with Patanjali and Yoga Sutras. It was his conviction that the asana, the third member of the body, should be practiced first, and only after being able to master the other seven members of the body.
The Patanjali sage describes eight aspects - or "limbs" - the practice of spiritual yoga in His Sutra Yoga:
Tradition
There is much debate about the term "traditional" as applied to Ashtanga Yoga. The founding students noted that he modified the order to fit the practitioner. Some differences include adding or decreasing postures in sequence, changes to vinyasa (full vinyasa and half), and specific practice recipes for certain people.
Some practice changes have been made since conception. Nancy Gilgoff, an early student, explained many differences in the way she was taught ashtanga by teaching it now. In his experience, several differences include: Pattabhi Jois originally left seven postures in a standing order, but then assigned Utthita Hasta Padangusthasana and Ardha Baddha Padmottanasana before the Second Series was given; Utkatasana, Virabhadrasana A and B, Parivritta Trikonasana, and Parivritta Parsvakonasana are not in the series at this time; and Jois does not give him vinyasa between the sides of the body or between the variations of the pose (eg, Janu Sirsasana A, B, and C done together, then vinyasa.Likewise Baddha Ko there, Upavishta Konasana, and Konta Kontaas are also grouped together without vinyasa among them, such as Ubhaya Padangusthasana and Urdhva Mukha Paschimottanasana.
According to Gilgoff, Pattabhi Jois gave the exercises twice a day, primer and medium, without vinyasa between the two parties in Krounchasana, Bharadvajasana, Ardha Matsyendrasana, Eka On Sirsasana, Parighasana, and Gomukhasana in the intermediate series. Shalabhasana to Parsva Dhanurasana is done in groups, with vinyasa only at the end. Ushtrasana through Kapotasana is also done together. The same applies to Eka On Sirsasana through Yoganidrasana. The closing order only includes Mudrasana, Padmasana, and Tolasana until the completion of the Middle order, when the remainder of the closing sequence is assigned. Urdhva Dhanurasana and "drop-back" are taught after the Intermediate Series. He stated that the original Intermediate series included Vrishchikasana after Karandavasana and ended with Gomukhasana. He also noted that Pattabhi Jois added Supta Urdhva to the Vajrasana and the seven heads when a yogi asked for more; these eight postures are not part of the Intermediate Series before this.
Confusion with yoga power
Power yoga is a yoga style created by Bryan Kest, in the late 80's. Baron Baptiste, a Bikram enthusiast, focused on style, and branded it.
Both the yoga power of Baron Baptiste and the power of yoga Bryan Kest are the same as Ashtanga yoga. In 1995, Pattabhi Jois wrote a letter to the Yoga Journal that expressed his disappointment at the association between his Ashtanga yoga, and the newly created "yoga force" style, which refers to "stupid bodybuilding". Journal of Yoga Magazine: (scripture).
Media and injuries
In an article published by The Economist, it was reported that "some of Mr. Jois's disciples seem to be constantly wobbling with injured knees or backs because they have received their" adjustments ", drawing them into Lotus, split or backbend ". Tim Miller, one of Jois's students, pointed out that "the adjustment is quite ferocious". Injuries related to Ashtanga Jois Yoga have been discussed in the Huffington Post article
In 2008, yoga researchers in Europe published a survey, which lacks a control group that limits internal validity, of Ashtanga Yoga practitioners indicating that 62 percent of respondents had suffered at least one injury lasting more than a month.
But the mass media have reported injuries in other yoga styles as often as in Ashtanga Yoga. For example, Bikram yoga, hot yoga, and yoga Iyengar have received an equally bad press.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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