Uttara Kannada (also known as Kanara Utara ) is a district in the state of Karnataka in India. It borders the states of Goa and Belagavi District to the north, Dharwad District and Haveri District to the east, Shivamogga District and Udupi District to the south, and the Arabian Sea to the west. Karwar City is the district administrative headquarters. Sirsi, Dandeli and Bhatkal are other big cities in this district. The district has 2 divisions of agroclimate, namely:
- The coastal plains, consisting of Karwar, Ankola, Kumta, Honnavar and Bhatkal taluks
- The Malenadu, consisting of Sirsi, Siddapur, Yellapur, Dandeli, Haliyal, Joida and Mundgod taluks
Video Uttara Kannada
Histori
The first known dynasty of Uttar Kannada Regency was Chutus of Banavasi. Uttara Kannada is the home of the Kadamba kingdom from 350 to 525. They ruled from Banavasi. After the conquest of Kadambas by Chalukyas, this district was under the rule of successive empires such as Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas and the kingdom of Vijayanagar. The famous Moroccan traveler Ibn Battuta is said to have lived for a while in the district under the patronage of Nawayath Sultan Jamal Al-Din in Hunnur. This place is now known as Hosapattana and is located in Honnavar town. The ruins of the old mosque and its minarets can still be seen in the village. This district was under the rule of the Maratha Empire in the 1750s and then part of the Mysore Kingdom, which handed it over to England at the end of the Fourth Mysore War in 1799. It was part of the Kanara district in Madras Presidency. The district was divided into North and South Kanara districts in 1859. Britain eventually moved Uttara Kannada district to the Bombay Presidency in 1862.
After India's independence in 1947, the Bombay Presidency was re-established as Bombay State. In 1956 the southern part of Bombay State was added to the State of Mysore, named Karnataka in 1972. Uttara Kannada is an ancient sea trade site visited by Arabs, Dutch, Portuguese, French and then English. Ibn Battuta passed this route during one or more of his journeys.
Significant and beautiful, Sadashivgad historic fort is now a popular tourist destination located on the banks of the river Kali, built at the confluence of rivers and the Arabian Sea. The famous Bengali poet and Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore, who visited Uttara Kannada in 1882, dedicated his entire memoir chapter to this city. Rabindranath Tagore, 22, lives with his brother Satyendranath Tagore, who is a district judge in Uttara Kannada. There are a large number of Chardo families in this area because they migrate because of the Portuguese persecution in Goa.
Portuguese
Cintacora, also known as Chitrakul (Chittakula) and Sindpur, is known to the Portuguese as a very old port. PCr7 comes from karwar. When Sadashivgad was built in this area, the village was also known by that name. The pirate fortress, named for Dargah Shahkaramuddin, was captured and burned by the Portuguese in 1510. The small river at the Kali River estuary was a trading center that became more prominent after Sadashivgad was built and the Portuguese realized its benefits. sheltered harbor.
English
In 1638, a competing British trade body, the Palace Association, established a factory in Uttara Kannada (actually a village called Kadwad, located 6 kilometers (3.7 miles) eastward on the banks of the river Kali). It is a trading port frequented by merchants from Arabia and Africa. Baitkhol harbor (the current civilian port of Uttara Kannada) is famous for its natural harbor. The name Baithkhol is an Arabic term, Bait-e-kol, which means salvation bay. Muslin is the main commodity purchased but Uttara Kannada is also a source for peppercorn, cardamom, cassia and rough blue cotton fabrics. Located on the west coast of India, 50 miles southeast of Goa, Uttara Kannada is famous for its safe harbor. In 1649, the Palace Association along with the British East India Company and Uttara Kannada became the company's factory.
Kingdom of Mysore
In the Mangalore Agreement signed in 1784, between Tipu Sultan and East India Company, one finds references to Uttara Kannada and Sadashivgad written respectively as Karwar and Sadasewgude.
Bhatkal and Honnavar are the main ports of Tippu Sultan in the district.
United Kingdom
The British made Uttara Kannada their district headquarters in 1862. Since 1862, the time from which he was under the Bombay Presidency, Uttara Kannada is described as the first-tier port between Bombay and Colombo.
Maratha Empire
It became part of Maratha territory. It was part of the Bombay Presidency until 1950.
Maps Uttara Kannada
Geography and climate
The main geographical feature of this district is the Western Ghats or Sahyadri range, which extends from north to south through the district. Between Sahyadris and the sea is a narrow coastline, known as Payanghat, which varies from 8 to 24 kilometers (5.0 to 14.9Ã, mi) in width. Behind the coastal plain is a flat hill from a height of 60 to 100 meters, and behind the hill is the ridge and the peak of the Sahyadris. East of the Sahyadris is the Balaghat plateau, part of the vast Deccan plateau. Moist winds come from the west, and annual rainfall averages 3,000 millimeters (120 inches) on the coast, and as high as 5,000 millimeters (200 inches) on the western slopes of Sahyadris. East of the crest is a rain shadow of the Sahyadris, which receives at least 1,000 millimeters (39 per year) every year. Most of the rain falls in the rainy season of June-September. Five great rivers flow west from Sahyadris's peak to the sea; from north to south, they are Aghanashini, Sharavati, Gangawali, Kali, and Venkatapur. These rivers form many waterfalls, most notably of which Jog falls, at the top of the Sharavati in adjacent Shimoga district, other famous waterfalls include Unchalli Falls, where the Aghanashini river falls 116 meters, Magod Waterfall, where Bedti river plunges 180 meters in two jumps, Shivganga falls, where the Sonda river (Shalmali) descends 74 meters, and Lalguli falls and Mailmane falls on river Kali. In the lowlands, these rivers form a large estuary, extending several kilometers to the mainland from the coast.
Ecology
The district's high rainfall supports dense forests, which account for about 70% of districts. The Malabar Coast wetland ecoregion is located on a narrow lane between the Arabian Sea and West Ghats foothills to a height of 250 meters. These forests are almost completely converted to agricultural and teak plantations. The humid Ghats forest in the North Western covers the Sahyadris forest from a height of 250 to 1000 meters. Many trees shed leaves in the dry months. Above 1000 meters high is the North Western Ghats rainforest. Anshi National Park near Dandeli, maintains about 250 square kilometers (97Ã, sqÃ, mi) semi-green forest, which is home to tigers, black panther, leopard cat, gaur, Asian elephant, sambar and various birds and reptiles. The Dandeli Wildlife Reserve is protecting 834 square kilometers (322 mÃ,²) of semi-green and bamboo forests in the Kali river and its tributaries, Kaneri and Nagajhari. Wroughton free bat ( Otomops wroughtoni ) endemic in the forest of Bhimgad Wildlife Reserve.
The district is also a place of savanna patches and degraded shrubs, which is often the result of overuse for logging or grazing. Most of the lowlands have been cleared for agriculture. Mangrove forests can be found at the mouth of the river, and sandy beaches are home to Calophyllum inophyllum, coconut and screw pine ( Pandanus ). Rocky beaches in Binaga, Arga, Belekeri, Tadadi, Gokarna, Ankola, Kumta, Dhareshwar, Kasarkod, Murdeshwara, Bhatkal and Belke from districts are rich with marine fauna diversity. Bhatkal beaches include American Jali Beach, Bahrain Jali Beach, NaStar Beach, Nakhuda Beach, Lighthouse Beach and the rocky Udmudey Beach. Rocky beaches in Uttara Kannada District store the invertebrates belonging to the phyla of Porifera, Coelenterata, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Echinodermata. Attiveri bird sanctuary is home to 79 species of birds including migratory birds from 22 countries.
The Dandeli Wildlife Reserve is famous for its elusive black panther among other animals such as gaur, tiger, and leopard. Kavala Cave with a height of 5 feet (1.5 m). High natural Shiva linga, Synthery rocks are 500 feet (150 m) of rocks flanked by natural caves and waterfalls, Vincholi clumps, Sykes points that offer views of the Kali river, and a suspension bridge is a place worth visiting this sacred. Yana is an enchanting place that can be reached by trekking about 10 kilometers (6.2Ã, mi) through dense forest. The city is famous for its high rock formations and waterfalls. There is also a Bhairaveshvara shrine here. Anshi National Park located some distance from Dandeli is not disturbed. Burude Falls is about 20 kilometers (12 miles) from Siddapur, Unchalli Falls, Shivagangae, BeeneHolae Fall about 25 kilometers (16 mi) from Sirsi, Magod Waterfall and Sathodi Falls near Yellapura are some of the best natural waterfalls in the District Uttara Kannada. There are many dams in this district: Supa Dam, Kodasalli Dam, and Kadra Dam. The famous Atomic energy station in Kaiga is on the banks of the beautiful Kali River (Karnataka).
Economy
Agriculture
The main crops in this district are rice and areca nut, along with other crop diversity. Tree plants include coconut, sugar cane, chocolate, cashew nut, mango, banana, pineapple, garcinia, and sapota; vegetables including onions, radishes, cucumbers, cauliflower, sweet potatoes, eggplant (brinjal), and spinach; spices including pepper, cardamom, ginger and nutmeg. Millet and cotton grown in the dry part of the eastern district of the Western Ghats.
Bhatkal is famous for its imported goods market, which even existed before India's liberalization.
Demographics
According to the 2011 census, Uttara Kannada has a population of 1,436,847, roughly equivalent to the state of Swaziland or the state of Hawaii USA. This gave it a ranking of 346 in India (out of a total of 640). The district has a population density of 140 inhabitants per square kilometer (360/sq., Mi). The population growth rate during the 2001-2011 decade was 6.15%. Uttara Kannada has a sex ratio of 975 women for every 1000 men.
Language
The main language spoken in this district is Kannada. Kannada is the main language in the district, followed by Konkani which is also widely used. Nawayath is spoken by Muslims in Bhatkal and its surroundings.
Religion
Its predominantly Hindu population consists of the majority community, although the Catholic community has been here since the 1500s. Muslims have a sizable majority in Bhatkal Taluk and the majority in Bhatkal City.
Literacy
About 10.8 lakh people in the district are educated, of which about 5,8 lakh are men and about 5 lakh are women. The literacy rate (children under 6 excluded) from Uttara Kannada is 84%. 90% of men and 78% of women are literate here. Overall literacy rate in the district has increased by 7%. Men's literacy has increased by 5% and women's literacy rates have increased by 10%.
Culture
Yakshagana is a popular classical dance drama in the most popular state of Karnataka in India in Uttara Kannada district. Shimoga, Udupi, Dakshina Kannada and Kasaragod district in Kerala. This theater art involves music, songs, dance, acting, dialogue, stories and unique costumes. While songs and dance attached to taro are very similar to classical Indian dance forms, acting and dialogue are made spontaneously on stage depending on the artist's ability. This fusion of classic and folk elements makes unique yakshagana from other Indian art. This will be regarded as a form of opera in the western eye. Traditionally, yakshaganas are used to start late at night and run all night. Bagavatha, the background singer is also the story directory and controls the entire process on stage. Bagavatha along with backstage musicians who play chande and maddale form himmela. The actors who wear colorful costumes and endorse the various roles in the story form mummela. There are many professional troops in Karnataka. Regardless of the competition from the modern film industry and TV, these troops organize ticket performances and make a profit. Regardless of these people organizing performances in their villages inviting well-known professional artists such as Sri Chittani Ramachandra Hegde, Kondadakuli Ramachandra Hegde, Gopal Achari Theerthahalli and Ramesh Bhandari Murur, provide an opportunity for local talent to act with the legend. Yakshagana is sometimes referred to simply as aata? in both Kannada and Khela (Karwari Konkani) Konkani (meaning play). Yaksha-gana literally means the singing (gana) of a yaksha. Yaksha is an exotic tribe mentioned in ancient Indian Sanskrit literature. The Nawayath people wore a lung that was unique to them.
Cuisine
Uttara Kannada is famous for its delicious seafood. The fish curry and rice are the staple food of the locals. Methane and coconuts are also widely used.
Staple foods include some steamed rice with vegetable accompaniment and/or seafood. Seafood is very popular because of its ease of availability, and is prepared with many local spices. Tea is the most popular drink and is sometimes supplemented with cardamom or mint to provide a different flavor.
- Kadubu : The main ingredients in Kadubu are jackfruit pulp and jaggery. Dough prepared with additional ingredients put in a container and steamed. This dessert is a local delicacy and served hot with ghee.
- Holge : This is similar to the sweet equivalent of a tortilla. One variant is made with gram flour and jaggery, while others are made with coconut.
- Todadevu is a special kind of thin crust made from jaggery juice or sugar cane. (Most local Sirsi desserts have jaggery than sugar.)
- Kesaribath: is rice cooked with sugar, ghee, and juice.
- Karakali : is a special type of chutney that tastes very spicy. It is made from colocacia leaf.
- Kotte Roti: A form of preparation such as idli, steam cooked in a cone-shaped container built using jackfruit leaves.
- Patrode Ã,: a special dish prepared with steamed colocasia leaves.
- Neer Dose : Thin soft pancakes made of rice dough, coconut milk, and salt.
- Kajmiji
- Koli Kajjaya and Hosagere Kajjaya made from rice flour and fried in oil is a famous dish that often uses bread. Often served with thick potatoes of sambar or Nati chicken curry, it is a delicacy among non-vegetarian communities in Siddapura.
- Banana Buns
- Ankola Koli Saaru
- Appe Huli
- Patholi
- Kalali Masala
- Genasle
Transport
Public transport
North West Karnataka Transport Corporation (NWKRTC) is the country's transportation agency in the district. NWKRTC covers all cities & amp; villages in the district. There is a good public transport network that connects villages to district towns. There are regular intra-state services to major cities & amp; cities in states like Bangalore, Mangalore, Mysore, Hubli-Dharwad & amp; Belgaum. The Kadama transport bus from nearby Goa state provides regular services from Karwar to Mangalore and all parts of Goa state. Kumta, Bhatkal & amp; Sirsi is the main hub for public transportation providing intra-district & amp; intrastate all the time.
Many private transport buses also provide services for inter/intra countries from districts. Bhatkal is the main sector for private transportation in the district. NH-66 passing through the district connecting Panvel near Mumbai to the state of Kerala, many private buses pass by on the Highway that provide inter-state services to places like Bombay, Poona, Kolhapore, Belgaum, Panaji, Margao, Udupi, Mangalore, Bangalore, Mysore, Bhatkal, Kasaragod, Cannanore, Calicut etc.
Train
The following trains pass through the district:
- The Konkan Railway linking Mangalore and Mumbai via Karwar, Bhatkal railway station and Ratnagiri.
- Londa to "Vasco Railway line that passes Castle Rock
- Castle rock into the Dandeli Railway line.
- The Hubli -Ankola railway line is proposed to connect the Karwar and North Karnataka ports.
- The Honnavar -Talaguppa railway line is proposed to connect Karwar and Karnataka ports.
- RO-RO service (Roll on/Roll off) is provided by Konkan Railway to/from Ankola railway station to Suratkal Railway station. Many truckers use this facility between Ankola to Mangalore.
Port
Uttara Kannada being one of the coastal districts of Karnataka state has a beach of 120 km (75 miles) has many ports used for marine trade, naval bases, fishing and other maritime activities.
- Port of Karwar is a seaport between the main activities of this port is anchored ships, coastal shipping, and fishing docks. Bunkering vessel facilities are also available at Karwar harbor.
- Karwar Airport will be built by the Indian Navy in the village of Alageri. Navy airbase which is part of Navy Rs 10,000 crore Stage 2 of Project Seabird
- INS Kadamba is a naval base in the village of Arga Karwar that is used exclusively for anchor naval vessels. A naval ship repair page (dry dock) is also attached to it.
- Belkeri Harbor is the anchorage port.
- Tadri Harbor is a fishing port.
- Port Kumta is a fishing port.
- Honnavar Harbor is a fishing port.
- Port of Bhatkal is fishing port. It was actually Project Seabird that is now in Karwar, people are protesting and proposals to be withdrawn. There is another fishing port called Tengingundy Port.
Proposed Hubli-Ankola railway can be a worthy venture for the future development of ports in the district, for the Excluded movement is cargo, on this road only the main mode of cargo movement leading to the national Bina Marga congestion district.
Nearest airport
- Goa International Airport
- Mangalore International Airport
- Hubli Airport
- Belgaum Airport
Leading Personality
- N K. Up, Professor Emeritus at IIT Bombay
- Anant Nag
- Shankar Nag
- Yashwant Chittal
- Shantinath Desai
- Chittani Ramachandra Hegde, Yakshagana artist
- Gurudas Kamat
- Ramakrishna Hegde
- Major Rama Raghoba Rane, Param Veer Chakra Awardee
- Jayshree Gadkar, Marathi film actress
- Desai Dinak
- Gourish Kaikini
- Narayan Hosmane
- Jayant Kaikini
- Leena Chandavarkar
- Nandan Nilekani
- Pandari Bai
- Pandit Ramesh Nadkarni
- Sundar Nadkarni
- Vilas Sarang
- Venkanna H. Up, lawyer
- Sannappa Parameshwar Gaonkar
- Keremane Shivarama Hegde, Yakshagana artist
- Mynavathi, Kannada Actress
- Farida Jalal, Hindi Cinema Actress
- R N Shetty, Industrialist
- Anuradha Paudwal, Singer
- Radhika Pandit
See also
- Gunawanti
References
external links
- Official Site
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Source of the article : Wikipedia
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