The Prairie School is the late 19th and early 20th century's architectural styles, most common in the Midwestern United States. This style is usually marked by horizontal lines, flat roof or hipped with wide overhanging roofs, windows grouped in horizontal bands, integration with landscapes, solid construction, craftsmanship and discipline in the use of ornaments. Horizontal lines are considered to evoke and relate to the original grassland landscape. The term Prairie School is not actually used by these architects to describe themselves (eg, Marion Mahony using the phrase The Chicago Group ); the term was coined by H. Allen Brooks, one of the first architectural historians to write extensively about architects and their work.
The Prairie School was developed in symphony with the ideals and aesthetic design of the Arts and Crafts Movement beginning in the late 19th century in England by John Ruskin, William Morris, and others. The Prairie School shares an embrace of handicrafts and artisans of the guild as a reaction to new assembly lines, mass production techniques, which they feel creates a lower product and inhumane workers.
The Prairie School is also an attempt to develop native North American architectural styles that do not share design elements and aesthetic vocabulary with the early European classical architectural styles. Many talented and ambitious young architects were drawn to the building opportunities of the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. The 1893 Columbus World Expo (Chicago World Fair) was supposed to be the birthplace of Chicago's rebirth city. But many of the young Midwestern architects who will become the Prairie School are offended by Greek and Roman classicism from almost every building that was set up for the exhibition. In reaction, they are trying to create new work in and around Chicago that will feature a unique modern and authentic American style, which is then called Prairie.
The appointment of the Prairie is due to the dominant horizontality of the majority of Prairie-style buildings echoing a wide, flat, tree-less expanse in the central-western United States. The most famous supporter of the style, Frank Lloyd Wright, promotes the idea of ​​"organic architecture", the main principle being that the structure should look like it grows naturally from the site. Wright also feels that horizontal orientation is a typical American design motif, in which the younger country has a much more open and undeveloped land than found in older and more urban European countries.
Video Prairie School
Architects whose work is considered part of the
movementThe Prairie School is mostly associated with a generation of architects employed or influenced by Louis Sullivan or Frank Lloyd Wright, but usually does not include Sullivan himself. Although the Prairie School is from Chicago, some Prairie School architects moved to spread influence far beyond the Midwest. A partial list of Prairie School architects includes:
Maps Prairie School
Prisonie School
Prairie School houses (characterized by open plans, horizontal lines, and original materials) related to the American Art and Craft movement (hand expertise, simplicity, function), an alternative to the dominant Classical Awakening Style (Greek forms with occasionally) Roman influence). Some companies, such as Purcell & amp; Elmslie, however, consciously rejected the term "Arts and Crafts" for their work, which received an honest existence from the surface of the working machine. The Prairie School is also strongly influenced by Idealistic Romance (a better home will create a better person) and Transcendentalist philosophy Ralph Waldo Emerson. In turn, the architect of Prairie School influenced the next architectural idiom, especially Minimalist (more or less) and Bauhaus (the following form of function), which is a mixture of De Stijl (grid-based design) and Constructivism (which emphasizes the structure itself and building materials).
Architectural historians debate the reason why the Prairie School began to be disliked in the mid-1920s. Perhaps a serious consideration from one of its members will deserve serious attention. In his autobiography, Marion Mahony Griffin writes:
The enthusiastic and capable young people who are proven in their later work are no doubt influential in the later offices as early as this but Wright's initial concentration on publicity and his claim that everyone is his student has a deadly influence on the Chicago group and only after a quarter of a century we find a very conspicuous creative architecture in the United States.
Other Prairie School Buildings
Examples of BYE Prairie School architecture are the right "Prairie School", a private school in Racine, Wisconsin, designed by Taliesin Associates (an architectural firm derived from Wright), and is located almost adjacent to Wright's Wingspread Conference Center. The work of Mahony and Griffin in Australia and India, especially the collection of houses in Castlecrag , New South Wales, is a great example of how the Prairie School spreads far from its Chicago roots. Veteran's Memorial Library Isabel Roberts in St. Petersburg Cloud, Florida, is another thing. House at 8 Berkley Drive in Lockport, New York is listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.
The Oak Circle Historic District is a historic district in Wilmette, Illinois, United States. It consists mainly of fifteen single-family home representatives from Prairie schools and architectural craftsmen built between 1917 and 1929. Oak Circle Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 21, 2001; it is the first designated historic district in Wilmette.
Photo gallery
Modern interests
The interest in the ideas and designs of Prairie School artists and architects has grown since the late 1980s, largely thanks to the habit of gathering celebrities and high profile auction results in many of the decorative designs of the buildings of that era. In addition to many books, magazine articles, videos, and merchandise promoting the movement, a number of original Prairie School building sites have become public museums, open to special tours and special events. Several nonprofit organizations and on-line communities have been established to educate people about the Prairie School movement and help preserve the designs associated with it. Some of these organizations and sites are listed below in the External links section.
See also
- St. African African Methodist Episcopal Church
- The Villa District, Chicago
- Oak Park, Illinois
- Hartington City Hall and Auditorium
- PrairieMod weblog
- Menninger Clinic, Houston, Texas
Note
References
Brooks, H. Allen, Frank Lloyd Wright and Prairie School Braziller (in collaboration with the Cooper-Hewitt Museum), New York 1984; ISBNÃ, 0-8076-1084-4
External links
- Modern interests The Frank Lloyd Wright Building Conservancy
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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