Photo or photo is an image created by light that falls on a light-sensitive surface, usually a photographic film or electronic media such as a CCD or CMOS chip. Most photos are made using cameras, which use lenses to focus the wavelengths of light that can be seen in the scene into what reproduction will be seen by the human eye. The process and practice of making a photo is called photography. The word "photograph" was invented in 1839 by Sir John Herschel and is based on Greek ??? ( phos ), which means "light", and ????? ( graphÃÆ'ª ), meaning "drawing, writing", together means "drawing with light". Many jurisdictions have laws that prohibit certain types of photos that may include government building photos, copyrighted content, private ownership, and child pornography.
Video Photograph
Histori
The first permanent photo, a copy of exposure to contacts, was made in 1822 using a bitumen-based "heliography" process developed by NicÃÆ'  © phore NiÃÆ' © pce. The first photographs of the real-world scene, created using a camera obscura, followed a few years later, but the Nià ©  © pce process is not sensitive enough to be practical for that app: a camera exposure that lasts for hours or days is required. In 1829 NiÃÆ' © pce entered into a partnership with Louis Daguerre and both collaborated to draw up a similar but more sensitive and increasing process.
After the death of NiÃÆ'Â © pce in 1833, Daguerre concentrated on alternatives of silver-based halides. He exposes silver-plated copper sheets to iodine vapor, creating a light-sensitive silver iodide layer; exposed to the camera for several minutes; developing an invisible latent image into visibility with mercury fumes; then shower the plate in a hot salt solution to remove the remaining silver iodide, making the result light fast. He named this first practical process for making photos with a daguerreotype camera, after himself. Its existence was announced to the world on January 7, 1839 but the details of the work were not made public until August 19. Other inventors immediately make improvements that reduce the exposure time it takes from a few minutes to a few seconds, making portrait photography really practical and very popular.
Daguerreotype has its drawbacks, especially the fragility of the surface of the image such as the mirror and the particular viewing conditions required to view the image correctly. Each is a unique positive opaque that can only be duplicated by copying it with the camera. The inventors began to work on improving the process that would be more practical. By the end of 1850, daguerreotype had been replaced by cheaper and more accessible tandem and tintypes, which capitalized on the recently introduced colloidal process. The negative collodion glass plate was used to make prints on albumen paper soon became the preferred photographic method and held that position for many years, even after the introduction of the gelatin process more comfortably in 1871. The improvement of the gelatin process remained the primary black and white-photography process to date , differs mainly in the emulsion and emulsion sensitivity used, which initially is glass, then various pliable plastic films, along with various types of paper for the final mold.
Color photography is almost as old as black and white, with early experiments including an Anthotype John Herschel print in 1842, the pioneering work of Louis Ducos du Hauron in the 1860s, and the Lippmann process was inaugurated in 1891, but for years color photography remained little more than just a laboratory curiosity. It first became a widespread commercial reality with the introduction of Autochrome plates in 1907, but the plates were very expensive and not suitable for casual shooting with handheld cameras. The mid-1930s saw the introduction of Kodachrome and Agfacolor Neu, the first easy-to-use color film of the modern multi-layer chromogenic type. This initial process generated transparency for use in slide projectors and display devices, but color printing became increasingly popular after the introduction of chromogenic color printing papers in the 1940s. The needs of the film industry produce a number of special processes and systems, perhaps the most notorious of which is the three-way Technicolor process that is no longer valid.
The creation of photographs of a certain type is prohibited under modern law, such as a highly secret section, copyrighted works, and the genitals of children. This law varies greatly between jurisdictions.
Maps Photograph
Photo type
Non-digital photos are produced by a two-step chemical process. In a two-step process, the light-sensitive film captures a negative image (color and light/dark reversed). To produce a positive positive image, the most commonly transferred ('printed') to photo paper. Negative printing of transparent film stocks is used to produce film films.
Alternatively, the movie is processed to reverse the image negative , resulting in positive transparency. Such positive images are usually installed in a frame, called slides. Prior to recent advancements in digital photography, transparency is widely used by professionals due to their sharpness and precision of color. Most of the photos published in magazines are taken on color transparency films.
Initially, all photos are monochromatic or hand painted. Although methods for developing color photographs were available since 1861, they were not widely available until the 1940s or 1950s, and even so, until the 1960s most of the photographs were taken in black and white. Since then, color photography has dominated popular photography, although black and white is still in use, being more easily developed than color.
Panoramic format images can be taken with cameras like Hasselblad Xpan on standard movies. Since the 1990s, panoramic photos have been available on the Advanced Photo System (APS) film. APS was developed by several major film producers to provide films with different formats and computerized options available, although the APS panorama was created using a camera mask with panoramic capabilities, much less desirable than the actual panoramic camera, which achieved its effect through a wider film format. APS has become less popular and has been discontinued.
The advent of microcomputers and digital photography has led to the emergence of digital printing. These prints are created from stored graphics formats such as JPEG, TIFF, and RAW. The types of printers used include inkjet printers, dye-sublimation printers, laser printers, and thermal printers. Inkjet prints are sometimes named after "GiclÃÆ' Â © e".
The Web has become a popular medium for storing and sharing photos since the first photo was published on the web by Tim Berners-Lee in 1992 (picture of CERN's home band, Les Horribles Cernettes). Today popular sites like Flickr, Picasa, PhotoBucket, and 500px are used by millions of people to share their pictures.
Preservation
Paper folders
Ideal photo storage involves placing each photo in an individual folder created from buffered paper, or acid free paper. The buffered paper folders are highly recommended in cases where an earlier photo is fitted to poor quality material or using adhesive that will lead to the creation of more acids. Store photos that are 8x10 inches or smaller vertically along the edges of longer photos in buffered paper folders, in larger archive boxes, and label each folder with relevant information to identify it. The rigid properties of the folder protect the photo from being sagged or tangled, provided the box is not packed too tight or poorly filled. Larger photo folders or fragile photos are stacked flat in the archive box with other materials of comparable size.
Polyester Roof
The most stable of plastics used in photo preservation, polyester, does not produce harmful chemical elements, but also lacks the ability to absorb the acids produced by the photo itself. The polyester and encapsulation arm has been praised for their ability to protect photos from moisture and environmental pollution, slowing down the reaction between goods and the atmosphere. This is true, but polyester is just as often trapped in these elements aside from material intended to protect. This is particularly risky in storage environments that experience drastic humidity or temperature fluctuations, leading to ferrotyping, or attaching photos to plastics. Photographs wrapped or encapsulated in polyester can not be stored vertically in a box because they will shift sideways to each other in boxes, bending and folding, or archive archives directly to the polyester to identify the photograph. Therefore, it is necessary to either stack the photographs protected by the polyester horizontally in the box, or tie them in three binding rings. Stacking photos horizontally in a flat box will greatly reduce ease of access, and the binder leaves three sides of the photo exposed to light effects and does not support photographs evenly on both sides, causing degeneration and bending within the binder. Plastics used for enclosures have been made as flexible as possible to prevent scratching of images during insertion into the arm. Unfortunately, the slippery nature of the enclosure produces a static electricity buildup, which attracts dust and fiber particles. Static can draw dust to the inside of the arm, too, where it can scratch the photos. Likewise, the components that aid in photo insertion, known as slip agents, can break down and transfer from plastic to photos, where they store as an oily film, pulling fibers and dust further. At the moment, there are no tests to evaluate the long-term effects of these components on the photo. In addition, plastic sleeves can develop creases or creases on the surface, which will scratch on the emulsion during handling.
Handling and maintenance
It is best to let the photo lie on the table when you see it. Do not take it from a corner, or even from two sides and hold it at eye level. Whenever the photo is curved, even slightly, it can break down the emulsion. The attaching nature of the photo in plastic prompts the user to retrieve it; users tend to handle photos covered in less soft plastic than non-enclosed photos, simply because they feel the plastic enclosure makes the photo resistant to all handling errors. As long as the photo is in its folder, it does not need to be touched; simply remove the folder from the box, place it flat on the table, and open the folder. If for some reason the researcher or archivist needs to handle the actual photograph, it is possible to check the verso to write, he may use gloves if there appears to be a risk of oil or dirt in hand.
Myths and beliefs
Because daguerreotypes are made on the mirror surface, many spiritualists also become practitioners of new art forms. Spiritualists will claim that the human image on the mirror surface is the same as looking at one's soul. The spiritualists also believe that it will open their souls and let the devil enter. Among Muslims, makruh (alluding) to perform the prayer (worship) in the place decorated with photographs. Photographic anomalies and dark spaces and artifacts sometimes lead viewers to believe that spirits or demons have been captured in photographs.
See also
- Air photos
- Archive sciences
- The biggest photo in the world
- Slideshows
- Photo stability
- Fake photos
- Director of Photography
- Color the photo by hand
- The most expensive photo list
References
External links
- Media related to Photos in Wikimedia Commons
- The dictionary definition of photos in Wiktionary
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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