The Louis XV style or Louis Quinze is the architectural style and decorative art that emerged during the reign of Louis XV of France. From 1710 to about 1730, a period known as the District, it was largely an extension of the style of his great-grandfather and predecessor, Louis XIV of France. From about 1730 to about 1750, it becomes more original, decorative and vibrant, in what is known as the rocaille style, under the influence of the mistress of the King, Madame de Pompadour. This marks the beginning of the European Rococo movement. From 1750 until the King's death in 1774, he became more conscious, organized, and began to show the influence of neo-classicism.
Video Louis Quinze
Architecture
The chief architect of the King was Jacques Gabriel from 1734 to 1742, and then his more famous son, Ange-Jacques Gabriel until the end of the reign. His major works include the Ecole Militaire, a building ensemble overlooking Place Louis XV (now Place de la Concorde (1761-1770)} and the Petit Trianon at Versailles (1764).While the reign of Louis XV, while the interior was lavishly decorated, the facade gradually became simpler, less ornate and more classic, the facade designed by Gabriel is carefully balanced and matched by rows of windows and columns, and, in large buildings such as the Place de la Concorde, often featuring grand arcades at street level, and pediments classical or balustrade on the roofline. Ornamental features sometimes include curved wrought iron balconies with rickled rocaille designs, similar to interior rocaille decorations.
The religious architecture of that period was also calm and monumental and inclined, at the end of the reign, toward and neo-classical; Major examples include the Church of Saint-Genevieve (now PanthÃÆ'Â © on), built from 1758 to 1790 for design by Jacques-Germain Soufflot, and Saint-Philippe-du-Roule Church (1765-1777) by Jean Chalgrin, featuring a nave arched hollow enomrous.
Maps Louis Quinze
Interior Decoration
The interior decorations during the reign of Louis XV fall into two periods; first-featured rocaille ornaments, curves and opposite curves, often in floral and vegetative motifs, applied to wall panels, often with medals in the middle. Large framed mirror panels are often framed with carved palm leaves or other flower ornaments. In contrast to the rococo style, the decoration is usually controlled, symmetrical and balanced. In the early period of style, its designs were often inspired by French versions of Chinse art, animals, especially monkeys and arabesque, or themes taken from artists of that period, including the rainy Jean BÃÆ'§ younger, Watteau and Jean Audran.
After 1750, in reaction to the excesses of earlier styles, the designs and prints on the inner walls are white or pale, more geometric, adorned with flower necklaces, roses, and crowns, and decorated with designs inspired by ancient Greeks and Romans.. This style is found in the Salon de Compagnie in the Petit Trianon, and is the predecessor of Louis XVI's style.
Furniture
The Louis XV-style chairs, compared to Louis XIV, are characterized by light, comfort and line harmony. Support across the legs disappears, and chairs are designed so that people can sit comfortably. The legs have a 'curved' shape. The carved décor features sculpted fleurettes, palmettes, seashells, and foliage. The dossier , or back seat, is violones , slightly curved like a violin. Some newly emerging seat variants include bergere , with lined gloves, A confessional , with padded and padded sleeves; Marquise , a bergere sits two people, with low back, and short arms.
Console table is a table designed to be placed on the wall, usually used for displaying art objects; it's almost always in a rocaille style, with a wavy curve, mimicking the seashells and foliage. very tortuous, rotate rocaille modeled after shells and foliage.
Commode is a new type of furniture that first appeared at the end of Louis XIV's reign. It is a chest of drawers resting on four S-shaped legs. It usually features gold-plated bronze ornaments, but during the reign of Louis XV, it is also covered with exotic wood plaques of various colors in geometric or floral patterns. Certain variations, called faÃÆ'§on de Chine or "Chinese mode" appear, which contrasts the bronzed plated to the black lacquered wood. A large number of ÃÆ' © nà © nà © nà © nistes experts from all over Europe are employed for refined wood commodities and other furnishings for the King. They include Jean-FranÃÆ'§ois Oeben, Roger Vandercruse Lacroix, Gilles Joubert, Antoine Gaudreau, and Martin Carlin.
New types of new furniture emerged, including the chiffonier, a dresser with five drawers, and a table de toilette, a kind of three-leaf window with a mirror.
Later in the reign of Louis XV, between 1755 and 1760, furniture tastes began to change. The rocaille design began to be more wise and controllable, and the influence of antiquity and neo-classism began to emerge in the new design of furniture. Commodities become more geometric forms; decorations changed from rocaille to geometric shapes, garlands of oak leaves, flowers and classical motifs. The new type of tall cabinet, Cartonnier , made its appearance between 1760 and 1765. It took inspiration from Greek mythology and architecture, with friezes, domes, carved trophies, bronze lion heads, and other classics. , element.
Painting
The dominant subjects of painting in the early days of Louis XV are mythology and history, similar to Louis XV. Later in his reign, when Louis began to build new apartments in the palaces of Versailles and Fontanebleau, his tastes turned into pastoral vistas and genre paintings. Madame de Pompadour, the lady of the king, was also one of the main patrons of the artists of the time.
The most favored artist of the King is FranÃÆ'§ois Boucher, He produces for the art of King every description; religious paintings, genre scenes, landscapes, pastoral, and exotic scenes, often featuring cheerful and seductive nude encounters. Because the other king's great desire was to hunt, he painted
The sculptural style of the Grand Sià ©  © cle Louis XIV continued to dominate during most of Louis XV's reign. Madame de Pompadour is a very enthusiastic patron patron, and many statues and sculptures are made or commissioned by her. The most famous sculptor of the early period was Guillaume Coustou the Younger and his brother, Guillaume Coustou the Elder, Robert Le Lorrain, and EdmÃÆ' © Bouchardon. Bouchardon created the sculpture of Louis XV's rider to the new place center of Louis XV (now Place de la Concorde) modeled after Louis XIV at Place Louis le Grand (now Place VendÃÆ'Âme) by FranÃÆ'§ois Girardon. After Bouchardon's death, the statue was completed by another great monumentalist of that period, Jean-Baptiste Pigalle. At the end of the reign of Louis XV, the sculptors began to pay more attention to the faces; these new-style leaders are Jean-Antoine Houdon famous for his famous author and state sculptor, and Augustin Pajou, who made famous portraits of natural scientists Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon and Madame du Barry. The statue began reaching the larger popular audience during this period, thanks to reproductions made of terra cotta and glazeless porcelain.
Urbanism: monumental box and fountain
In the final years of his reign, Louis built a new large square in the center of the city, Place Louis XV (now Place de la Concorde, with a row of harmonious new buildings, designed by Ange-Jacques Gabriel.He built another monumental. in the centers of Rennes and Bordeaux. He also built a monumental fountain in Paris, Fontaine des Quatre-Saisons, with a statue by EdmÃÆ' Ã… © Bouchardon, but it is poorly manned on a narrow street, and while it has many statues, ancient Paris, it produced very little water.The fountain was criticized by Voltaire in a letter to Count de Caylus in 1739, while it was under construction:
I have no doubt that Bouchardon will make this fountain a nice piece of architecture; but what kind of fountain only has two faucets where the water porter will fill their bucket? This is not the way the fountain was built in Rome to beautify the city. We need to lift ourselves from a dirty and shabby taste. The fountain should be built in a public place, and viewed from all the gates. There is not a single public place in the vast faubourg Saint-Germain; which makes my blood boil. Paris is like a statue of Nabuchodonosor, partly made of gold and partly made of dirt.
Notes and Excerpts
Bibliography
- Ducher, Robert, Caractà ©  © ristique des Styles, (1988), Flammarion, Paris (In French); ISBN: 2-08-011539-1
- Paris and fontaine de la Renaissance ÃÆ' nos jours , from the Collection of Paris et son Patrimoine , directed by BÃÆ'Â © atrice de Andia, DÃÆ'Ã… © lÃÆ'Â © guÃÆ' Â © GÃÆ' Â © nÃÆ' Â © ral ÃÆ' l'Action artisique de la Ville de Paris, 1998.
- Louis XV Style. (2008). In EncyclopÃÆ'Â|dia Britannica . Retrieved 2 May 2008, from EncyclopÃÆ'Â|dia Britannica Online
See also
- Louis XV
- Louis XV furniture
- Baroque
- Rocaille
- Rococo
- French Baroque Architecture
- Neoclassicism in France
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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