Interior design

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Interior design is the art and science to enhance the interior of the building to achieve a healthier and more aesthetic environment for people who use space. An interior designer is someone who plans, researches, coordinates, and manages such projects. Interior design is a multifaceted profession that includes conceptual development, space planning, site inspection, programming, research, communicating with project stakeholders, construction management, and design execution.

Video Interior design

Current history and conditions

In the past, the interior was united instinctively as part of the development process. The profession of interior design has been a consequence of the development of society and the complex architecture resulting from the development of industrial processes. The effective pursuit of space use, user convenience and functional design has contributed to the development of the profession of contemporary interior design. Interior design profession is separate and different from the role of interior decorator , a term commonly used in the US. The term is less common in the UK where the interior design profession is still unregulated and therefore, strictly speaking, has not been officially a profession.

In ancient India, architects used to work as interior designers. This can be seen from the Vishwakarma reference of the architect - one of the gods in Indian mythology. In addition, the statues depicting ancient texts and events are seen in a palace built in the 17th century in India.

In ancient Egypt, the "house of the soul" or model of the house was placed in the grave as a container for the offering of food. From here, it is possible to see details about the interior design of different residences throughout different Egyptian dynasties, such as ventilation changes, portico, columns, loggias, windows, and doors.

Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries and into the early 19th century, interior decoration was the concern of housewives, or upholsterers or craftsmen who would suggest an artistic style for interior space. Architects will also hire craftsmen or craftsmen to complete the interior design for their buildings.

Commercial interior design and management

In the mid-19th century, interior design services expanded rapidly, as the middle class in industrialized countries grew in size and prosperity and began wanting domestic wealth ornaments to strengthen their new status. The major furniture companies are starting to branch off into general interior design and management, offering full home furnishings in a variety of styles. This business model developed from the mid-1914 century, when this role was increasingly seized by independent designers, often amateurs. This paved the way for the emergence of professional interior design in the mid-20th century.

In the 1950s and 1960s, upholsterers began to expand their business. They frame their business more broadly and artistically and begin to advertise their furniture to the public. To meet the growing demand for contract interior work on projects such as offices, hotels and public buildings, the business is becoming much larger and more complex, employing builders, joiners, plasterers, textile designers, artists, and furniture designers, as well as engineers and technicians to fulfill the job. The company began publishing and distributing catalogs with prints for different styles of luxury to attract the attention of the emerging middle class.

As department stores increase in number and size, retail space in stores comes with a variety of styles for example for customers. One of the most effective advertising tools is setting up a model space at national and international exhibitions in public display rooms for viewing. Some pioneering companies in this case are Waring & amp; Gillow, James Shoolbred, Mintons, and Holland & amp; Children. This traditional high-quality furniture manufacturing company began to play an important role as an advisor to convince top-class customers of taste and style, and began to take contracts to design and complement the interiors of many important buildings in the UK.

This type of company emerged in America after the Civil War. The Herter Brothers, founded by two German emigrant brothers, started as a coating warehouse and became one of the first furniture and interior decorator companies. With their own design office and cabinet making and upholstery workshops, Herter brothers are ready to complete every aspect of interior furnishings including decorative panels and mantels, wall and ceiling ornaments, patterned floors, and carpets and curtains.

An important figure in popularizing interior design theory to the middle class is the architect Owen Jones, one of the most influential design theorists of the nineteenth century. The first project of Jones is of the utmost importance - in 1851 he was responsible for not only the magnificent Crystal Paxton Palace decoration for the Great Exhibition, but also for the exhibition setting in it. He chose a controversial red, yellow, and blue controversial palette for interior irons and, despite initial negative publicity in newspapers, was finally unveiled by Queen Victoria for much of his critical acclaim. The most significant publication was the The Grammar of Ornament (1856), in which Jones formulated 37 main principles of interior design and decoration.

Jones was hired by some of the leading interior design companies that day; in the 1860s he worked in collaboration with the London & Jackson company; Graham produces furniture and other supplies for top clients including art collectors Alfred Morrison and Khedive of Egypt, Ismail Pasha.

In 1882, the London Post Office Directory listed 80 interior designers. Some of the most prominent companies of the time were Crace, Waring & amp; Gillow and Holland & amp; Boys; Famous decorators employed by these companies include Thomas Edward Collcutt, Edward William Godwin, Charles Barry, Gottfried Semper, and George Edmund Street.

Transition to professional interior design

At the turn of the 20th century, amateur advisers and publications increasingly challenged the monopoly of large retail companies in interior design. The English feminist writer Mary Haweis wrote a widely read series of essays in the 1880s in which he derided the desires desired by middle-class people who wanted their homes in line with the rigid models offered to them by retailers. He advocated individual adoption of a particular style, tailored to individual needs and customer preferences:

"One of my most powerful beliefs, and one of the first good canons, is that our homes, like fish shells and birds' nests, should represent our personal tastes and habits.

The move towards decoration as a separate artistic profession unrelated to manufacturers and retailers, received a boost with the establishment of the 1899 Institute of British Decorators; with John Dibblee Crace as its president, representing nearly 200 decorators across the country. In 1915, the London Directory listed 127 people who traded as interior decorators, of whom 10 were women. Rhoda and Agnes Garrett were the first women to be professionally trained as home decorators in 1874. The importance of their work on design was considered at the time equivalent to William Morris. In 1876, their work - Suggestions for Home Decorations in Painting, Wood Crafts and Furniture - spread their ideas on artistic interior design to a broad middle class audience.

In 1900, this situation was described by The Carpenter and Builder Illustrated :

"Until recently when a man wanted to give him a visit to all the dealers and pick piece by piece of furniture.... Today he sent for a dealer in the art furnishings and equipment that surveyed all the rooms in the house and he brought his artistic mind to bear this problem. "

In America, Candace Wheeler was one of the first female interior designers and helped drive a new style of American design. She was instrumental in the development of art courses for women in a number of major cities in America and is considered a national authority in the field of home design. An important influence on the new profession is The Decoration of Houses, an interior design manual written by Edith Wharton with architect Ogden Codman in 1897 in America. In this book, the authors criticize Victorian interior decor and interior design, especially the rooms decorated with thick window curtains, Victorian furniture bric-a-brac and soft. They argue that such rooms emphasize coatings at the expense of proper spatial planning and architectural design and, therefore, are uncomfortable and rarely used. This book is regarded as a seminal work and its success led to the emergence of professional decorators working in the manner suggested by the author, especially Elsie de Wolfe.

Elsie De Wolfe was one of the first interior designers. Rejecting the Victorian style he raised, he chose a more lively scheme, along with more comfortable furniture at home. The design is light, with fresh colors and fine Chinoiserie furniture, as opposed to the Victorian preference of heavy red curtains and upholstery, dark wood and highly patterned wallpaper. The design is also more practical; he removes the mess that occupies a Victorian home, allowing people to entertain more guests comfortably. In 1905, de Wolfe was assigned to the Colony Club interior design on Madison Avenue; its interior garnered its confession most of the night. He composed his ideas into his much-read book of 1913, The House in Good Taste .

In the UK, Syrie Maugham became the legendary interior designer who is credited with designing the first all-white space. Starting his career in the early 1910s, his international reputation soon grew; he then expanded his business to New York City and Chicago. Born in the Victorian Era, a time characterized by dark colors and small spaces, he designed the light-filled rooms and comes with various shades of white screens and mirrors. In addition to the mirror screen, the typical pieces include: books covered with white vellum, cutlery with white porcelain handle, console table with palm leaf plaster, shell, or dolphin base, slinged and tufted sling beds, fur carpets, white-covered dining chairs, and glass ball lights, and garlands.

Expansion

Interior design profession became more established after World War II. From 1950 onwards, home shopping increased. The interior design course was established, requiring the publication of textbooks and reference sources. The historical record of interior designers and different companies of decorative arts specialists is provided. Organizations to organize education, qualifications, standards and practices, etc. Established for the profession.

The interior design was previously seen as playing a secondary role for architecture. It also has many connections to other design disciplines, which involve the work of architects, industrial designers, engineers, builders, craftsmen, etc. For this reason, government interior design standards and qualifications are often incorporated into other professional organizations involved in design. Organizations such as the Chartered Society of Designers, founded in England in 1986, and the American Designers Institute, founded in 1938, organize various design fields.

Not long afterwards, a special representative for the interior design profession was developed. The National Interior Designers Association of the United States was founded in 1957, while in England the Association of Designers and Interior Designers was established in 1966. Across Europe, other organizations such as the Association of Finnish Interior Architect (1949) were being formed and in 1994 the International Interior Design Association was established.

Ellen Mazur Thomson, author of the Origin of Graphic Design in America (1997), stipulates that professional status is achieved through education, self-imposed standards and professional doorman organizations. Upon reaching this, interior design becomes a accepted profession.

Maps Interior design

Interior Decorators and Interior Designers

Interior design is the art and science to understand the behavior of people to create a functional space in the building. Decor is furnishings or decoration space with things that are fashionable or beautiful. In short, interior designers can decorate, but decorators do not design.

Interior designer

Interior designers imply that there is more emphasis on planning, functional design and effective space usage, compared to interior decoration. An interior designer in the final design can undertake projects that include arranging the basic layout in buildings as well as projects that require an understanding of technical issues such as windows and doors, acoustics, and lighting. Although interior designers can make room layouts, they can not change the load-bearing walls without their designs stamped for approval by structural engineers. Interior designers often work directly with architects, engineers, and contractors.

Interior designers must be highly skilled in creating a functional, secure, and compliant interior environment, ADA rules and regulations. They go beyond the choice of color palettes and furnishings and apply their knowledge to the development of construction documents, shelter burdens, health care regulations and sustainable design principles, as well as management and coordination of professional services including mechanics, electrical, plumbing, and life security - all to ensure that people can live, study or work in a harmless environment that is also aesthetically pleasing.

One may wish to specialize and develop specialized technical knowledge for one area or type of interior design, such as residential design, commercial design, hospitality design, health care design, universal design, exhibition design, furniture design, and spatial imaging. Interior design is a relatively new creative profession, constantly evolving, and often confusing the public. This is not an artistic pursuit and relies on research from various fields to provide a trained understanding of how people are affected by their environment.

Color in interior design

Color is a powerful design tool in decoration, as well as in interior design which is the art of stringing, and color co-ordination together to create stylish scheme on the interior architecture of space.

It is important for interior designers to gain an in-depth experience with colors, understand their psychological effects, and understand the meaning of each color in different locations and situations to create an appropriate combination for each place.

Combining colors together can result in creating a state of mind as seen by the observer, and ultimately can produce a positive or negative effect on them. Colors make the room feel more calm, cheerful, comfortable, full of pressure, or dramatic. The combination of colors makes the small room seem bigger or smaller. So it is the profession of Interior designers to choose the right color for a place in a way that people want to see and feel in the sky.

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Specialization

Residential

Residential design is the interior design of a private residence. Because this type of design is very specific to individual situations, individual needs and desires are essential in this area of â€‹â€‹interior design. The interior designer can work on the project from the early planning stage or can work on renovating existing structures. This is often a highly involved process that takes months to perfect and create space with the client's vision.