Eero Saarinen ( Finnish Reconstruction: Ã, ['e: ro' s ?: rinen] ) (August 20, 1910 - September 1, 1961) is a Finnish architect and industrial designer famous for his neo-futuristic style. Saarinen is known for designing Washington Dulles International Airport outside Washington, D.C., TWA Flight Center in New York City, and Gateway Arch in St. Louis. Louis, Missouri.
Video Eero Saarinen
Early life and education
Eero Saarinen was born on August 20, 1910, to Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen and his second wife, Louise, on his 37th father's birthday. They immigrated to the United States in 1923, when Eero was thirteen years old. He grew up in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, where his father taught and deaned the Cranbrook College of Art, and he took a sculpture design course and furniture there. She had close relationships with fellow students Charles and Ray Eames, and became good friends with Florence Knoll (nÃÆ' Â © e Schust).
Saarinen began studying at a statue in the AcadÃÆ'Â © nie de la Grande ChaumiÃÆ'¨re in Paris, France, in September 1929. He then continued to study at the Yale School of Architecture, completing his studies in 1934. Next, he toured Europe and Africa North for one year and return for a year to his native Finland.
Maps Eero Saarinen
Career architecture
After his tour of Europe and North Africa, Saarinen returned to Cranbrook to work for his father and teach at the academy. The company is "Saarinen, Swansen and Associates", headed by Eliel Saarinen and Robert Swansen from the late 1930s until Eliel's death in 1950. The company was located in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, until 1961 when the practice was transferred to Hamden, Connecticut.
Saarinen first received critical recognition, while still working for his father, for a chair designed with Charles Eames for the "Organic Design in Home Furnishings" competition in 1940, where they received the first prize. The "Tulip Chair", like all the other Saarinen chairs, was produced by the Knoll furniture company, founded by Hans Knoll, who married Saarinen's family friend, Florence (Schust) Knoll. Further attention also came while Saarinen was still working for his father, when he took the first prize in the 1948 competition for the design of the Gateway Arch National Park (later known as the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial) at St. Louis. The warning was not completed until the 1960s. The competition's award was mistakenly sent to his father.
During his long relationship with Knoll, he designed many important pieces of furniture including the "Grasshopper" and ottoman (1946) lounge seats, "Womb" and ottoman (1948) seats, "Womb" chairs (1950), side chairs and arms (1948-1950 ), and the most famous "Tulip" or "Pedestal" group (1956), featuring side chairs and sleeves, dining tables, coffee and side tables, and benches. All of these designs were very successful except the "Grasshopper" lounge chairs, which although produced in 1965, were not a huge success.
One of Saarinen's earliest works to receive international recognition was the Crow Island School in Winnetka, Illinois (1940). The first major work by Saarinen, in collaboration with his father, was the General Motors Technical Center in Warren, Michigan, which followed the Miesian rationalist design style, combining steel and glass, but with additional panel accents in two blue colors. The GM Technical Center was built in 1956, with Saarinen using the model, allowing him to share ideas with others, and gather feedback from other professionals.
With the success of the scheme, Saarinen was later invited by other major American companies such as John Deere, IBM, and CBS to design their new headquarters or other large corporate buildings. Despite their rationality, however, the interior usually contains more dramatic sweeping stairs, as well as furniture designed by Saarinen, such as the Pedestal Series. In the 1950s he began receiving more commissions from American universities for campus design and individual buildings; these include Noyes dormitories in Vassar, Hill College House at the University of Pennsylvania, as well as the ice rink, Ingalls Rink, Ezra Stiles & amp; Morse College at Yale University, MIT Chapel and Kresge Auditorium near MIT and the University of Chicago School and Faculty of Law building.
Saarinen served on a jury for the Sydney Opera House commission in 1957 and is very important in the selection of design now internationally known by JÃÆ'¸rn Utzon. The jury that did not include Saarinen had dumped Utzon's design in the first round; Saarinen reviewed the discarded designs, recognized the qualities in Utzon's design, and ultimately convinced the commission of Utzon.
After the death of his father in July 1950, Saarinen established his own architectural office, "Eero Saarinen and Associates". He was the principal partner from 1950 until his death in 1961. Under Eero Saarinen, the company did many of the most important work, including Bell Labs Holmdel Complex at Holmdel Township, New Jersey, Gateway Arch National Park (including Gateway Arch) at St. Louis, Missouri, Miller House in Columbus, Indiana, TWA Flight Center at John F. Kennedy International Airport he worked with Charles J. Parise, Dulles International Airport's main terminal near Washington, DC, the new Eastern Air Terminal from Athens' old Greek airport , which opened in 1967, etc. Many of these projects use catenary curves in their structural designs.
One of the most famous concrete slab structures in America is the Kresge Auditorium (MIT), designed by Saarinen. Another shell-thin structure that he created was the Ingink-Rink Yale, which has a suspension cable connected to a single concrete backbone and dubbed "whale". Undoubtedly, his most famous work is the TWA Flight Center, which is the culmination of previous designs and shows neo-expressionism and technical miracles in concrete shells.
Eero also designed the United States Embassy, ​​London, which opened in 1960.
Eero also worked with his father, mother and sister to design elements of the Cranbrook campus in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan, including Cranbrook School, Kingswood School, Cranbrook Art Academy, and the Cranbrook Science Institute. The younger Saarinen glass tin design is a prominent feature of this building across the campus.
Non-architectural activity
Saarinen was recruited by Donal McLaughlin, an architectural schoolmate of his Yale days, to join the military service at the Strategic Services Office (OSS). Saarinen was assigned to draw illustrations for bomb dismantling guidelines and to provide designs for the Situation Room at the White House. Saarinen worked full-time for OSS until 1944.
Awards and awards
Eero Saarinen was elected a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects in 1952. He was elected a member of the National Institute of Art and Literature in 1954. In 1962, he was awarded the gold medal by the American Institute of Architects.
In 1940, he received his first two prizes along with Charles Eames in a furniture design competition from MoMA. In 1948, he won the first prize in the Jefferson national monument competition. The Boston Arts Festival in 1953 gave it the Grand Architecture award. He received the First Honorary Award from the American Institute of Architects twice, in 1955 and 1956, and their gold medal in 1962. In 1965 he won first prize in the US Embassy competition in London.
Personal life
Saarinen became a naturalized American citizen in 1940.
Saarinen married the sculptor Lilian Swann in 1939, with whom he had two children, Eric and Susan. The marriage ended in a divorce in 1954. That same year Saarinen married Aline Bernstein Louchheim, an art critic at The New York Times, with whom he had a son, Eames, named after his counterpart Saarinen, Charles Eames.
Death
Saarinen died on September 1, 1961, at the age of 51 years while undergoing surgery for a brain tumor. He is in Ann Arbor, Michigan, overseeing the completion of a new music hall for the School of Music, Theater and amp; University of Michigan. Dance. She is buried at the White Chapel Memorial Cemetery, in Troy, Michigan.
Legacy
Saarinen is now regarded as one of the masters of American architecture of the 20th century. There has been a surge of interest in Saarinen's work in recent years, including large fairs and several books. This is partly because the offices of Roche and Dinkeloo have donated their Saarinen archives to Yale University, but also because Saarinen's oeuvre can be said to match the present concerns of style pluralism. He was criticized in his own time - the hardest by Yale Vincent Scully - for lacking an identifiable style; one explanation for this is that Saarinen adjusts his neo-futuristic vision to each individual client and project, which is never quite the same.
The papers of Aline and Eero Saarinen, from 1906-1977, were donated in 1973 to the Archives of American Art, the Smithsonian Institution (by Charles Alan, brother of Aline Saarinen and the executor of his inheritance). In 2006, most of the major source documents on this couple were digitized and posted online on the Archives website.
The exhibition by Saarinen, Eero Saarinen: Shaping the Future , was organized by the Finnish Cultural Institute in New York in collaboration with Yale School of Architecture, the National Building Museum and the Museum of Finnish Architecture. The exhibition was held in Europe and the United States from 2006 to 2010. From May to August 2008, the exhibition was held at the National Building Museum in Washington, DC. The exhibition was accompanied by Eero Saarinen's book. Forming the Future .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments