The Corinthian order is the last developed of the three major classical commandments of ancient Greek and Roman architecture. The other two are the earliest Doric order, followed by the Ionic oron. When the classical architecture was revived during the Renaissance, two more orders were added to the canon, the Tuscan order and the Composite order. Corinthian, with its Composite branch, is the most ornate of orders. This architectural style is characterized by sleek fluted columns and elaborate capitals decorated with acanthus leaves and rolls. There are many variations.
The name Corinthian comes from the ancient Greek city of Corinth, although it has its own model in Roman practice, following the precedent set by the Mars of the Ultor Shrine in the Augustus Forum (c.2 AD). ). It was employed in southern Gaul at Maison Carrà ©  © e, NÃÆ'®mes ( illustrations, below ) and at comparable podium temples in Vienne. Other key examples recorded by Mark Wilson Jones are the lower order of the Basilica of Ulpia and the arches in Ancona (the two reigns of Trajan, 98-117 AD) "Phocas columns" (re-established in Late Antiquity but the 2nd century in origin ), and "Temple of Bacchus" in Baalbek (circa 150 AD).
Video Corinthian order
Description
Greek Corinthian order
The order of Corinth was named for the city-state of Greece at Corinth, which was connected in that period. However, according to architectural historian Vitruvius, the column was made by the sculptor Callimachus, probably an Athenian, who drew acanthus leaves growing around the votive basket. Its earliest use can be traced back to the Classic Classical Period (430-323 BC). The earliest capital of Corinth was found in Bassae, dated 427 BC.
Roman Corinthian order
The proportion is characteristic of the Corinthian order: "the integration of dimensions and ratios coherent according to the principles of symmetria " recorded by Mark Wilson Jones, who found that the ratio of the height of the total column to the height of the column-axis in the ratio of 6 : 5, so, secondary, full-height columns with capital are often a multiple of 6 Roman legs while the height of the column itself is a multiple of 5. In proportion, Corinthian columns are similar to Ionic columns, though slimmer, and stand apart by their distinctive carving capital. The abacus on the capital has a concave side to adjust to the outer corners of the capital, and may have a rosette in the center of each side. The Corinthian column was established at the top of the Roman Colosseum, holding the lightest load, and also has a thin to high thickness ratio. Their height and width ratio is about 10: 1.
One of its variants is the Order of Tivoli, which is found in the Temple of Vesta, Tivoli. The Tivoli Order Corintinan Capital has two lines of Acanthus (ornament) and an abacus decorated with an oversize expression (architecture) in the shape of a shoe flower with pronounced spiral spiral. Flute columns have flat tops. Frieze showed fruit (motif) that hung between bucrania. On top of each stolen item is a rosette (design). Cornice does not have modillions.
the capital of Gandharan
The capital of Indo-Corinthian is the capital crowning columns or pilasters, which can be found in the northwestern sub-continent of India, and usually incorporates Hellenistic and Indian elements. The capital is usually dated to the 1st century in our day, and is an important element of Buddhist-Gandhi art.
Classical designs are often adapted, usually taking longer shapes, and sometimes combined with scrolls, generally in the context of Buddhist stupas and temples. The Indo-Corinthian capital also includes Buddhist or Bodhisattva figures, usually as a centralized figure surrounded, and often in the shade, fancy foliage of Corinthian design.
Corinthian Renaissance Command
During the first flush of the Italian Renaissance, Florentine Francesco's architectural theories in Giorgio reveal the human analogy that the writer who follows Vitruvius is often associated with the human form, in the squared image he made from the coated capitals of the Corinthians with the head of a human, to show the general proportions for both.
Corinthian architraves are divided into two or three parts, which may be the same, or they can carry an attractive proportional relationship, one with another. Above the plain, unadorned, there are wall hangings, which may be carved with a continuous or low-lying design, as in the US Capitol extension ( illustration, right ). In Capitol the proportion of architrave to frieze is exactly 1: 1. On top of that, the cornice mold profile is like the one in the Ionic oron. If the cornice is very deep, it may be supported by brackets or modillions, which decorative brackets are used in series under the cornice.
The Corinthian column is almost always fluted. Otherwise, it is often necessary to pause to uncover the reason why (sometimes just a tight budget). Even flutes from the Corinthian column can be enriched. They may be filled, with a rod located inside a hollow flute, or stop fluttering, with a stem going up a third of the way, to the starting place of entasis. The French like to call it chandelles and sometimes they end up literally with lumps of carved fires, or with belflowers. In addition, sequins or chaff chains can replace fillets in embroideries, as Corinthian is the most fun and flexible of orders. The atmosphere is rich and lively, with more opportunities for variety than other orders.
Spelling out a statement just as Vitruvius explained the origins of his acanthus capital, it became common to identify Corinthian columns with the slender figure of a young girl; in this mode the classical French painter Nicolas Poussin wrote to his friend FrÃÆ' Â © art de Chantelou in 1642
The beautiful girls you will see in NÃÆ'®mes will not, I believe, have delighted your spirits less than the beautiful columns of Maison Carrà ©  © e because one is nothing more than an old copy of the other.
Sir William Chambers stated the conventional comparison with the Doric order:
The proportion of the command by the ancients was formed on the people of the human body, and as a result, it could not be their intention to make a column of Corithian, which, like Vitruvius observe, was to represent the delights of a young girl, as thick and much higher than the Doric, which is designed to represent the bulk and strength of a muscular adult male.
Maps Corinthian order
History
The oldest example of the Corinthian column is in the Temple of Apollo Epicurius at Bassae in Arcadia, c. 450-420 BC. It is not part of the order of the temple itself, which has Doric ranks that surround the temples and the Ionic ions in the cella cage. One Corinthian column free-standing, centered in cella. This is a mysterious feature, and archaeologists debate what this shows: some state that this is just an example of a votive column. Some examples of Corinthian columns in Greece over the next century all use inside the temple. A more well-known example, and the first documented use of the Corinthian order document outside the structure, is the circular Choragic Lysicrates Monument in Athens, established c. 334 BC.
The Corinthian capital, carefully buried in ancient times at the base of the tholos circle in Epidaurus, has been discovered during modern archaeological campaigns. Its mysterious presence and preservation have been described as a sculptor model for the masons to follow the construction of a temple dedicated to Asclepius. The architectural design of the building was credited in antiquity to the sculptor Polykleitos the Younger, the son of a classical Greek sculptor Polykleitos the Elder. The temple was founded in the 4th century BC. These capitals, in one of the most visited Greek holy sites, later influenced the Hellenistic and Roman designs of the Corinthian order. The sunken side of the abacus meets at sharp edges, easily damaged, which in later life and post-Renaissance practices have generally been replaced by oblique angles. Behind the scroll, the cylindrical shape that spreads from the central axle is clearly visible.
Later, the Roman writer Vitruvius (about 75 BCE - about 15 BCE) recounted that the order of Corinth had been discovered by Callimachus, a Greek architect and sculptor inspired by the venerable baskets left on the tomb of a young girl. Some of the toys are in it, and the square tiles have been placed on top of the basket, to protect them from the weather. An acanthus plant grows on a wicker basket, mixes its thorns, cuts off deep leaves by weaving baskets.
Claude Perrault includes vignette symbolizing the story of Callimachus in his illustration of the Corinthian order for his translation of Vitruvius, published in Paris, 1684 (illustrated , left ). Perrault shows in his engraving how the proportion of carved capital can be adjusted to the design demands, without offending. The texture and outline of Perrault leaves are dry and toned compared to their nineteenth-century naturalism on the US Capitol ( below, left ). The capital of Corinth may be seen as the development of enriched Ionic capital, although one may have to look closely at Corinthian capital (illustrations, right) to see Ionic volutes ("helices"), at the corners, perhaps diminish in size and importance, rolling over two rows of stylized leaves and stalks of acanthus ("cauliculi" or caulicoles), eight in all, and to note that small rolls scroll inward to meet each other on each side. The leaves may be quite rigid, schematic and dry, or may be drilled excessively and weaken, naturalistic and pointy. In the practice of Antique and the Byzantine End, the leaves may be blown sideways, as if by the wind of Faith. Unlike the capital of Doric and Ionic, the capital of Corinth has no neck underneath, just like astragal prints such as rings or ribbons that form the basis of the capital, given the basis of the legendary basket.
Most of the buildings (and most clients) are satisfied with just two orders. When the order is superimposed on the other, as they are in the Flavian Amphitheater - Colosseum - the natural progression of the sturdiest and plainest (Doric) at the bottom, to the slimmest and richest (Corinthian ) above. The highest level of the Colosseum has an unusual order which became known as a Composite order during the 16th century. The Italians of the mid-16th century, especially Sebastiano Serlio and Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola, who formed the canonical version of the command, thought they detected the "Composite order", incorporated Ionic books with Corinthian foliage, but in Demonstration Roman practice almost always existed.
In Roman and Gothic architecture, where the Classical system has been replaced by a new aesthetic consisting of curved arches emerging from columns, the capital of Corinth is still preserved. This may be very clear, as in the typical Cistercian architecture ( left illustration ), which encourages no interruption of the liturgy and contemplation of the asceticism, or in other contexts can be cured into strange variations even in the capital of a series of columns or colons in the same system.
During the 16th century, the sequence of command carvings in architectural treatises helped to standardize their details within rigid limits. Sebastiano Serlio; Regola delli cinque ordini from Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola (1507-1573); The Quattro libri in Architetura of Andrea Palladio, and Vincenzo Scamozzi of the Idea della Architetura Universale, was followed in the seventeenth century by French treatises with finely etched models, such as Perrault's.
Important example
- Greece
- Choragic of Lysicrates Monument, Athens
- The Olympian Zeus (Athena) Temple
- Israel
- Universal Home Court of Justice, Haifa
- Italy
- Pantheon, Rome ( illustration )
- Mars Ultor's Temple
- Vesta Temple, Tivoli
- French
- Maison CarrÃÆ' Â © e, Nimes
- Column July, Paris
- Portugal
- Templo de Diana, ÃÆ' â € ° vora
- Renaissance and Baroque
- Neoclassical and Beaux-Arts
- United States Capitol ( illustration )
- St. La Salle Hall, Manila
- Don Enrique T. Yuchengco Hall, Manila
- Enrique M. Razon Sports Center, Manila
- Syria
- Bosra
- Damascus: Temple of Jupiter
- Latakia: Colonnade of Bacchus
- Palmyra
- Ukraine
- Great Lavra Belltower ( fourth level - 8 columns )
- United Kingdom
- University College London
- United States
- United States Supreme Court Building
- The Rotunda, University of Virginia
- Germany
- The Reichstag, Berlin
- Jordan
- Jarash
- Jabal al-Qal'a, Amman
See also
- Classic order
- Doric Order
- Ionic Orders
- Tuscan Order
- Combined order
Note
External links
Media related to Corinthian column in Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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