Clowns are comic players who use slapstick or similar types of physical comedy, often in pantomime style.
Video Clown
Histori
Clowns have a varied tradition with significant costume and performance variations. The best known modern clown character is the type of Auguste or "red clown", with a strange costume featuring distinctive makeup, colorful wigs, exaggerated footwear, and colorful outfits. Their entertainment style is generally designed to entertain a large audience.
Modern clowns are closely related to the circus clown tradition, developed from previous comedy roles in the theater or Variety performances during the 19th century until the mid-20th century.
Many circus clowns have become famous and are key circus acts in their own right. The role of the first major clown was described by Joseph Grimaldi (who also created the traditional make-up whiteface design). In the early 1800s, he expanded the role of Clown in the harlequinade which is part of the British pantomime, especially in Theater Royal, Drury Lane and Sadler's Wells and Covent Garden theaters. He became so dominant on the London comic stage that Harlequinade Clowns became known as "Joey", and both the nickname and design make-up of Grimaldi's whiteface, and still are, used by other clown types.
The comedy played by a clown is usually the role of a fool whose actions and daily tasks become extraordinary - and for who is silly, for a while, becomes ordinary. This comedy style has a long history in many countries and cultures around the world. Some authors have argued that because of the widespread use of such comedy and its long history is a necessity that is part of the human condition.
"Clown fear," circus clowns, especially as a condition of psychiatry, have been known as coulrophobia.
Origin
The " clown character" evolved from the "stupid stupid" stupid character of the early modern commedia dell'arte, which was directly based on " roughly deceiving " characters from ancient Greek and Roman theater. The rustic greedy character in the Classical Greek theater is known as sklÃÆ'ªro-paiktÃÆ'ªs (from paizein "to play (like a child)") or deikeliktas , other than other common term for "rough" or "farmer". In Roman theater, the term for clowns is fossils , literally "diggers, laborers".
The English word
Harlequinade was developed in England in the 17th century, inspired by commedia dell'arte. This is where "Clown" starts to be used as the name given the stock character. Originally a foil for Harlequin's cunning and sneaky nature, Clown is a clown or dumb fool who resembles a clown less than a cute idiot. She is a low-class character wearing ragged servant clothes.
The classic character of a clown character now developed in the early 1800s by Joseph Grimaldi, who plays Clown in the Robert Dibdin film 1800 pantomime Peter Wilkins: or Harlequin in the Fly World at Welller's Wells Theater, where Grimaldi builds characters become the central figure of the harlequinade.
Modern circus clown
Circus clowns flourished in the 19th century. The modern circus comes from a school riding Philip Astley in London, which opened in 1768. Astley added a clown to his show to entertain the audience among the riders. American comedian George L. Fox became famous for his clown role, which was directly inspired by Grimaldi, in the 1860s. Tom Belling senior (1843-1900) developed the character "red clown" or "Auguste" ( Dummer August ) c. 1870, acting as a foil for a more sophisticated "white clown". Belling works for Circus Renz in Vienna. Belling costumes are a template for the modern stock of circus circuses or clowns of children, based on lower-class or "hobo" characters, with red noses, white makeup around the eyes and mouth, and too large clothes and shoes. The clown character developed by the late 19th century was reflected in the opera Ruggero Leoncavallo in 1892 Pagliacci ("Clowns"). Belling's character Auguste was further popularized by Nicolai Poliakoff's Coco in the 1920s and 1930s.
The English word
Italian maintains Pagliaccio , Commedia dell'arte zanni characters, and Italian derivation terms found in other Romance languages, such as French Paillasse , Spanish payaso >, Catalan/Galician pallasso , Portuguese palhaÃÆ'§o , Greek ?????????, Turkish palyaÃÆ'§o , German Pajass (via France), Yiddish ???????? ( payats ), Russia ?????. History
in North America of the 20th century
At the beginning of the 20th century, with the loss of simple characters or rural idiot villages of everyday experiences, the North American circus develops characters such as vagrants or vagrants. Examples include Marceline Orbes, who performed at the Hippodrome Theater (1905), Charlie Chaplin's
In the United States, Bozo the Clown is an influential character of Auguste since the late 1950s. The Bozo Show aired in 1960 and appeared nationally on cable television in 1978. McDonald lowered his mascot clown, Ronald McDonald, from Bozo's character in the 1960s. Willard Scott, who had played Bozo during 1959-1962, appeared as a mascot on 1963 television. The trademark application of McDonald's for character dates up to 1967.
Based on the Bozo template, the US birthday clown's habits, private contractors offering to appear as clowns at children's parties, developed in the 1960s through the 1970s. The strong connection of the clown character ( Bozo -derived) to the entertainment of children as it has been developed since the 1960s also led to "Clown Care" or "hospital" in a children's hospital on mid 1980s. Clowns of America International (founded 1984) and the World Clown Association (founded 1987) are semi-professional associations and professional players.
The shift in the character of Auguste or the red clown of his role as a foil for a white show in the circus or pantomime into a self-contained character Bozo is produced in children's entertainment by the 1980s also raises bad clown characters, clown charms for small children based in their threatening or frightening nature.
Maps Clown
Primary type
There are different types of clowns depicted around the world. They include
Circus clown
Pierrot and Harlequin
- View Harlequinade
The classic pair of Clowns with Auguste in the modern tradition has precedents in the Pierrot and Harlequin pairs in Commedia dell'arte. Initially, Harlequin's role was a soft-hearted, agile and ingenious servant, paired with a stubborn and melancholy Pierrot.
In the 18th century English Harlequinade, Harlequin is now paired with Clown. As developed by Joseph Grimaldi around 1800, Clown became a naughty and brutal foil for the more sophisticated Harlequin, which became more of a romantic character. The most influential couples in British Victoria were the Payne Brothers, who were active during the 1860s and 1870s.
White Clown and Auguste
The white clown , or blown clown from the original French, is a sophisticated character, as opposed to awkward auguste. They are also distinguished as "sad clowns" (blancs) and "happy clowns" (auguste).
The makeup colors of Auguste's face are variations of pink, red, or brown rather than white. Features are exaggerated in size, and are usually red and black. His mouth is thick with white lines (called muzzles) like eyes. In accordance with the character, auguste can wear appropriate clothes or in unsuitable costumes - too big or too small is appropriate. Bold colors, prints or large patterns, and suspenders often characterize the Auguste costumes.
The type of auguste character is often anarchic, joker, or stupid. He is smart and has a much lower status than white. The classic whiteface character instructs the auguste characters to do the bidding. The auguste has a tough time doing the assigned task, which leads to a funny situation. Sometimes auguste plays the role of an anarchist and deliberately has problems following the direction of the whiteface. Sometimes auguste is confused or stupid and makes mistakes less carefully.
The contra-auguste played the role of the mediator between a white clown and auguste character. He has a lower status than a white clown but his status is higher than auguste. She aspires to be more like a white clown and often imitates everything that white clowns do to get approval. If there is a contra-auguste character, he is often ordered by whiteface to fix auguste when he does something wrong.
White makeup
There are two main types of clowns with whiteface makeup: the classic "white clown" comes from the Pierrot character. Makeup is white, usually with facial features like eyebrows emphasized in black. He is a cleverer and more sophisticated clown, in contrast to the rough or weird types of Auguste . Francesco Caroli and Glenn "Frosty" A little is an example of this type. The second type of whiteface is a clown of comedy of type Bozo , known as "Comedy" or "Grotesque Whiteface". This type has a very emphasized feature, especially red nose and red mouth, often with partial hair (mostly red). In a comedy partnership between Abbott and Costello, Bud Abbot will be the classical whiteface and Lou Costello as a whiteface comedy or Auguste.
Traditionally, whiteface clowns use makeup "white clowns" to cover the entire face and neck, leaving no natural underlying skin. In whiteface European makeup, the ears are painted red.
Whiteface's makeup was originally designed by Joseph Grimaldi in 1801. He began by painting a white base over his face, neck and chest before adding a red triangle to his cheeks, thick eyebrows and large red lips arranged in a mischievous grin. Grimaldi design is used by many modern clowns. According to the biographer Grimaldi, Andrew McConnell Stott, it was one of the most important theatrical designs of the 1800s.
The first big white clown in America is George's stage star "G.L." Fox. Following the English language of Joseph Grimaldi, Fox popularized Humpty Dumpty's stories throughout the land in the first half of the 19th century in America.
Clown character
Clown characters adopt eccentric characters of several types, such as butchers, bakers, police, housewives or hobo. The main example of this type of clown is the circus bum Otto Griebling and Emmett Kelly. Red Skelton, Harold Lloyd, Buster Keaton, Charlie Chaplin, and Sacha Baron Cohen will match the definition of a clown character.
Clown character makeup is the slope of the comic on a standard human face. Their makeup begins with a meat tone base and can take advantage of anything from glasses, mustaches and beards to spots, warts, big ears or strange haircuts.
North America
The most common clown characters in the American circus are hobo , vagrant or vagrant . There are subtle differences in American character clowns. The main difference between these clowns is attitude. According to American circus expert Hovey Burgess, they are:
- The Hobo: Migrate and find the work in which he travels. Go down on his luck but maintain a positive attitude.
- The Tramp: Migration and not working where he is traveling. Down on his luck and depressed about the situation.
- Bum: Non-migrated and not working.
Famous clowns
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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