Charles and Ray Eames

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Charles Ormond Eames, Jr. (1907-1978) and Bernice Alexandra "Ray" Kaiser Eames (1912-1988) is an American designer who married couples who made significant historical contributions to the development of modern architecture and furniture. Among their most famous designs are the Eames Lounge Chairs. They also work in the fields of industrial design and graphics, fine art, and film. Ray Kaiser Eames and Charles Eames work together as creative partners.

Video Charles and Ray Eames

Charles Eames

Charles Ormond Eames, Jr. , (June 17, 1907 - August 21, 1978) is an American designer, architect and filmmaker. In a creative partnership with his wife, Ray Kaiser Eames, he is responsible for innovative contributions in the fields of architecture, furniture design, industrial design, manufacturing, and photography art. He studied architecture at Washington University in St. Louis. Louis on architectural scholarship. After two years of study, he left the university. Many sources claim that he was dismissed for his defense of Frank Lloyd Wright and his interest in modern architects. The university reportedly dropped it because of its "too modern" view. Other sources, more rarely quoted, noted that when a student, Charles Eames was also employed as an architect at the firm Trueblood and Graf. The demands in time from this work and from his class lead to sleep deprivation and reduced performance at the university.

While at the University of Washington, he met his first wife, Catherine Woermann, whom he married in 1929. A year later, they had a daughter, Lucia Jenkins.

In 1930, Charles began his own architectural practice at St. Louis with partner Charles Gray. They then joined a third partner, Walter Pauley.

Charles Eames was strongly influenced by Finnish architect Eliel Saarinen (whose son Eero, also an architect, would be a partner and friend). At Saarinen's older invitation, Charles moved in 1938 with his wife, Catherine and daughter Lucia to Michigan, to learn more about architecture at the Cranbrook Academy of Art, where he would become a teacher and head of the industrial design department. In order to apply for the Architecture and Urban Planning Program, Eames defines the focus area - St. Louis waterfront. Together with Eero Saarinen he designed the prize-winning furniture for New York's "Organic Furnishings in Modern Home Furniture" competition. Their work demonstrates a new technique of wood molding (originally developed by Alvar Aalto), that Eames will develop further in many plywood products that were formed, including chairs and other furniture, splints and stretches for the US Navy during World War II.

In 1941, Charles and Catherine divorced, and he married his Cranbrook colleague Bernice ("Ray") Kaiser, who was born in Sacramento, California. He then moved with him to Los Angeles, California, where they worked and lived until their death. In the late 1940s, as part of Art & amp; Eames Program "Case Study" magazine Architecture, Eames designed and built an innovative Home Eames, Case Study House # 8, as their home. Located on a cliff overlooking the Pacific Ocean and hand-built in a matter of days entirely from pre-fabricated steel parts devoted to industrial construction, it remains a historic milestone of modern architecture.

Charles Eames died of a heart attack on August 21, 1978, while on a consulting trip in his home country, Saint Louis, and was buried at the Calvary Cemetery there. He now has a star at St. Louis Walk of Fame.

Philosophy

In 1970 and 1971, Charles Eames gave a lecture by Charles Eliot Norton at Harvard University. In Eames's lecture, point of view and philosophy is related through Charles's own words about what he calls "the parable of banana leaves", the banana leaf which is the most basic cutlery in southern India. He attributes the development of the design and the process in which banana leaves turn into something extraordinarily beautiful. He explains the next step and ties it to the design process by completing the parable by:

But you can go beyond that and the people who not only mean, but some knowledge and understanding, go to the next step and they eat from banana leaves. And I think that at times when we fall back and regroup, that somehow or other, the parable of banana leaf should be able to work there, because I'm not ready to say that the banana leaves he eats are the same as the others eat off, but it's a process that has taken place inside a human that turns a banana leaf. And when we attack this problem - and I hope and I hope that the total amount of energy used in this world will rise from high to medium to slightly lower - the idea of ​​banana leaf may have a large part in it..

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Ray Kaiser Eames

Ray-Bernice Alexandra Kaiser Eames , nÃÆ' Â © e Kaiser (December 15, 1912 - August 21, 1988), is an American artist, designer and filmmaker. In a creative partnership with her husband, Charles Eames, she is responsible for innovative contributions in the fields of architecture, furniture design, industrial design, manufacturing, and photography art. He was born in Sacramento, California to Alexander and Edna Burr Kaiser, and has a brother named Maurice. He spent the early years of his childhood with his parents in their apartment, and then moved to a bungalow outside the city. His parents taught him the quality of pleasure that later led to discoveries in furniture and toy designs. His parents also instilled the value of the enjoyment of nature. After living in a number of cities during his youth and after the death of his father, in 1933 he graduated from Bennett Women's College in Millbrook, New York, and moved to New York City, where he studied abstract expressionist painting with Hans Hofmann. He was the founder of the American Abstract Artists group in 1936 and featured the paintings in their first show a year later in 1937 at the Riverside Museum in Manhattan. One of his paintings is the permanent collection of The Whitney Museum of American Art. Ray lived alone in New York City until he was called home to be with his ailing mother, who died in 1940.

In September 1940, Ben Baldwin, an architect and friend, suggested that he start studying at Cranbrook Academy of Art in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. He studied various arts, not limiting himself to abstract paintings. He worked with Harry Bertoia, Eero Saarinen, Charles Eames, and others on the display panel for the "Organic Design in Home Furnishings" exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art. Ray married Charles Eames in 1941. Living in Los Angeles, California, Charles and Ray Eames embarked on a remarkable career in design and architecture.

The design process between Ray and Charles is very collaborative. After marriage, the couple moved to California to continue the design of their molded plywood furniture and, in later periods, plastics. Graphic and commercial artwork can be clearly associated with Ray, he designed twenty-six cover designs for the Arts & amp; Architecture during 1942 to 1948, and a major part of the Eames furniture advertisement in Herman Miller (since 1948).

In the late 1940s, Ray Eames created several textile designs, two of them, "Crosspatch" and "Sea Things", produced by Schiffer Prints, a company that also produced textiles by Salvador DalÃÆ' and Frank Lloyd Wright. The two textile patterns are distinguished by the award in the textile competition (hosted by MoMa). He works in graphics for commercials, magazine covers, posters, timelines, game boards, invitations and business cards. Original examples of Ray Eames textiles can be found in many art museum collections. Ray Eames textiles have been re-published by Maharam as part of their Textile of the Twentieth Century collection.

After Charles's death in 1978, the Eames Office was dissolved. Ray Eames works on several unfinished projects (eg the German version of the Mathematica exhibition ), is a consultant to IBM, publishes books, and manages Eames archives and estate.

Ray Eames died in Los Angeles in 1988, ten years after Charles. They are buried next to Calvary Cemetery at St. Louis.

Philosophy

Whatever I can do, Ray can do better.

Ray Eames has a fun and strict work ethic in the "Eames office". He calls it "shop" - the place where they work and do the initial production work. At the office, they employ local people, war veterans, and housewives. Eames' office is a diverse workplace. The Eameses also believed in "learning by doing" - before introducing new ideas in the Eames Office, Charles and Ray explored the needs and constraints of the idea widely.

I never gave up painting, I just changed my palette.

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Designer

In the 1950s, Eames continued their work in the architecture and design of modern furniture. Like the printed plywood work, Eames pioneered technology, such as fiberglass furniture, plastic resin chairs, and wire chairs designed for Herman Miller. From the beginning, Eames furniture is usually listed by Charles Eames. In 1948 and 1952 the Herman Miller catalog was tied, only the name of Charles was registered, but it became clear that Ray was deeply involved and an equal partner with her husband in many projects. In August 2005 the Maharam fabric reproduced the fabric designed by Eames; Patterns of the Sea (1947) and Dot Patterns. Dot Pattern was conceived for The Museum of Modern Art's "Competition for Printed Fabrics" in 1947. Cloth Eames were mostly designed by Ray, as were Time-Life Stools. In 1979, the Royal Institute of British Architects awarded Charles and Ray with the Royal Gold Medal. At Charles's death, they were working on what became their last production, Eames Sofa, which began production in 1984.

Charles and Ray channel Charles's interest in photography into the production of 125 short films. From their first film, the unfinished Traveling Boy (1950), to Powers of Ten (re-released in 1977), to their last film in 1982, cinematic works they are outlets for ideas, vehicles for experimentation and education. These couples often produce short films to document their interests, such as collecting toys and cultural artifacts on their way. The films also record the process of hanging their exhibitions or producing classic furniture designs. Some of their other films include more intellectual topics. For example, one film covers a deliberate subject of soap foam moving over the sidewalk of the parking lot. Powers of Ten (narrated by physicist Philip Morrison), gave a dramatic demonstration of his massive command by visually zooming away from the earth to the edge of the universe, and then microscopically enlarging the nucleus of the carbon atom. atom.

The Eameses also contains and designs a number of exhibits. The first, Mathematica: A World of Numbers... and Beyond (1961), sponsored by IBM, and is their only remaining exhibition. The exhibition Mathematica is still considered a model for science fairs exhibition. This was followed by the Computer Perspective: Background of the Computer Age (1971) and The World of Franklin and Jefferson (1975-1977), among others.

The design office of Charles and Ray Eames worked for over four decades (1943-1988) at the former Bay Cities Garage at 901 Washington Boulevard in Venice, Los Angeles, California. Over the years, his staff includes many famous designers: Henry Beer and Richard Foy, now co-chairman of CommArts, Inc.; Don Albinson; Deborah Sussman; Annette Del Zoppo; Peter Jon Pearce; Harry Bertoia; and Gregory Ain, who was Chief Engineer for Eames during World War II.

Eames products were also produced on Washington Boulevard until the 1950s. Among the many important designs that originated there were DCW plywood (Wooden Dining Chairs) and DCM (Metal Dining Chairs with plywood chairs) (1945); Eames Lounge Chair (1956); Aluminum Furniture Group (1958); Eames Chaise (1968), designed for Charles's friend, film director Billy Wilder; The funny Do-Nothing machine (1957), an early solar energy experiment; and a number of toys.

In 1943, Ray and Charles developed maggot legs. This was a response to medics assigned to the World War II combat zone reporting the need for emergency transport. The Eameses make their splints from wood veneers, which they bond together with resin glue and formed into compound curves using a process that involves heat and pressure. Use the materials they have for furniture in the guest bedroom in their apartment. With the introduction of plywood splints, they were able to replace the troubled metal traction splints that have gangrene-inducing side effects due to impaired blood circulation.

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Work

Architecture:

- Meyer House, Huntleigh, Missouri, 1936-1938

- Gereja St. Mary, Helena, Arkansas, 1934

- Gereja Katolik St. Mary, Paragould, Arkansas, 1935

- Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Competition, 1947 (St. Louis Gateway Arch by Eero Saarinen won the competition)

- Eames House, Studi Kasus House 8, Pacific Palisades, California, 1949

- Entenza House, Studi Kasus House 9, Pacific Palisades, California, 1949

- Billy Wilder House, Beverly Hills, California, 1950

- Herman Miller Showroom, Los Angeles, California, 1950

- Kwikset House, 1951 (Never actually built)

A documentary about the couple titled Eames: The Architect and the Painter was released on November 18, 2011 as part of the American Masters series on PBS television and on YouTube from PBS as Cd1 and Cd2.

Exhibits and retrospective

• Charles and Ray Eames in the Design Museum (1998)
• Library of Congress exhibit (1999)
• Charles World and Ray Eames Barbican Art Gallery, October 21, 2015 - February 14, 2016.
• Name & amp; Hollywood, Art & amp; The Design of the Atomium Museum, March 10, 2016 - September 04, 2016.

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References

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Bibliography

• Caplan, Ralph, "Connection: The work of Charles and Ray Eames". Los Angeles: UCLA, 1976.
• Rago, David, and John Sollo. Collecting Modern: a guide to medieval furniture and collections . Gibbs Smith, 2001. (ISBNÃ, 1-5868-5051-2)
• Drexler, Arthur. "Charles Eames Furniture from the Collection of Modern Art Design, New York". New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1973 (ISBNÃ, 0-810-96028-1)
• Neuhart, Marilyn, Neuhart, John and Eames, Ray. Eames Design: Office Jobs Charles and Ray Eames . Abrahms, New York 1989. (ISBNÃ, 0-810-90879-4)
• Eisenbrand, Jochen. Ray Eames . Breuer, Gerda, Meer, Julia (ed): Women in Graphic Design , p. 152-163 and 437. Jovis, Berlin 2012. (ISBNÃ, 978-3-86859-153-8)
• Kirkham, Pat. Charles and Ray Eames: Designers of the 21st Century . MIT Press, Boston 1998. (ISBN: 0-262-61139-2)
• Brand, Uta Brandes. Citizenship Office: Ideen und Notizen zu einer neuen BÃÆ'¼rowelt. von Vegesack, Alexander (ed) Steidl Verlag, Goettingen 1994. (ISBN 3-88243-268-3)
• Kunkel, Ulrike. Ray Eames: Design als Lebensform . JÃÆ'¼rgs, Britta (ed) Vom Salzstreuer bus zum Automobil: Designerinnen , p. 126-139, AvivA Verlag, Berlin 2002. (ISBN 3-932338-16-2) (de., Eng.)
• Eames, Charles and Eames, Ray. Die Welt von Charles and Ray Eames . Ernst & amp; Sohn, Berlin 1997. (ISBNÃ, 3-433-01814-6)
• Prouvà ©  ©, Jean. Charles & amp; Ray Eames. Die groÃÆ'Ÿen Konstrukteure - Parallelen und Unterschiede . Vitra Design Museum, Weil am Rhein 2002. (ISBN 3-931936-37-6) (de., Frz., Engl.).
• Demetrios, Eames. Primary Eames . New York: Universe, 2002. (ISBN 0-7893-0629-8)
• GÃÆ'¶ssel, Peter (ed.) Koenig Gloria. Eames . Taschen, 2005. (ISBN 3-8228-3651-6)
• Albrecht, Donald. The work of Charles and Ray Eames: Inheritance Invention . Harry N. Abrams is working with the Library of Congress and Vitra Design Museum, 2005. (ISBN 0-8109-1799-8)
• Ostroff, Daniel, ed. (2015). An Eames Anthology: Articles, Film Scripts, Interviews, Letters, Notes, Speeches by Charles and Ray Eames . New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN: 978-0-300-20345-5.
• Kugler, Jolanthe. "Eames Furniture Sourcebook" Weil am Rhein, Germany Vitra Design Museum 2017
• Eliminate Anthogram An Eames It: Articles, Film Scripts, Interviews, Letters, Notes, Speeches by Charles and Ray Eames

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External links

• Virtual Encyclopedia of Everything Eames
• The Congressional Website Library for Charles & amp; Ray Eames
• Eames Foundation
• the Museum of Modern Art website
• The Metropolitan Museum of Heilbrunn Art The Chronology of Art History at Charles & amp; Ray Eames
• Art Club biography, portrait, and working drawings
• California Hall of Fame Museum
• Charles and Ray Eames on IMDb
• "A Communications Primer" (1953) on the Internet Archive
• Charles Eames talked to Studs Terkel, October 1, 1965; in WFMT, from The Chicago History Museum, on the Internet Archive

Source of the article : Wikipedia