Usonia ( ) is a word used by American architect Frank Lloyd Wright to refer his vision to the United States landscape, including urban planning and building architecture. Wright proposes the use of the adjective Usonian in place of America to describe certain New World characters from the American landscape as distinct and free from previous architectural conventions.
Video Usonia
Rumah-rumah Usonian
"Usonian" is a term that usually refers to a group of about sixty middle-income family homes designed by Frank Lloyd Wright beginning in 1936 with House Jacobs. The "Usonian House" is typically small, living on one floor without a garage or lots of storage. They are often L-shaped to be placed around a garden terrace on an unusual and inexpensive site. They are characterized by the original material; flat roofs and large mounds of overhangs for passive solar heating and natural cooling; natural lighting with a privacy window; and radiant floor heating. A strong visual connection between interior and exterior spaces is an important characteristic of all Usonian homes. The word carport was created by Wright to describe overhangs to protect parked vehicles.
The Historic District Usonia is a planned community in Pleasantville, New York built in the 1950s following this concept. Wright designed 3 of the 47 homes themselves.
Jacobs House design variants still exist today. The Usonian design is considered among the aesthetic origins of farmhouse-style homes popular in western America in the 1950s.
In 2013, Florida Southern College built the 13th Wright building on their campus according to the plans he created in 1939. The 1,700 square foot building includes textile-block construction, colored glass in hollow concrete blocks, photos of Wright, a documentary about the work of the architect at the school, and the furniture designed by Wright. Named the "Usonian House", it was originally designed as one of twenty faculty housing units. The building is home to the Sharp Family Education and Tourism Center, a visitor center for guests visiting the campus to see Frank Lloyd Wright's collection of buildings.
Maps Usonia
Origin of words
The word Usonian appears to have been created by James Duff Law, an American writer born in 1865. In the various collections entitled, Here and There in Two Hemis (1903 ), The Law quotes a letter of its own (dated June 18, 1903) that begins "We from the United States, in justice for Canada and Mexico, have no right to use the title of 'Americans' when referring to matters relating exclusively to self we alone." He goes on to admit that some writers have proposed "usona", but he prefers the form of "Usonia". Probably the earliest use published by Wright in 1927:
But why does the term "America" ​​become a representative because the name of the United States is domestic and abroad is the memory of the past. Samuel Butler fits us in with a good name. He calls us Usonians, and our Nation from the merger of the State, Usonia.
- - Frank Lloyd Wright on the Architecture: Selected Quotes 1894-1940 , p. 100.
However, this seems to be a misnomer, as there has been no published evidence that Butler used the word.
It has become an established name for the United States in Esperanto. The creator of Esperanto, L. L. Zamenhof, used Usono in his speech at the 1910 World Esperanto Congress in Washington, D.C., by chance the same year Wright was in Europe. But it was established in 1908, when Joseph Rhodes, a colleague of the British Esperanto Association and a member of Lingva Komitato, published the English-Esperanto Dictionary which:
berdasarkan "Fundamento," literatur Esperanto, dan kamus nasional-Esperanto yang memuat "aprobo" Dr. Zamenhof
JosÃÆ'Â © F. Buscaglia-Salgado takes back the Usonian term to refer to society, national ideology and neo-imperial traditions of the United States.
Miguel Torres-Castro uses the term Usonian to refer to the origin of the Atlantic Puffin bird used in the children's book Jupu the Puffin: A Usonian Story. The bird is a puffin from Maine, USA.
List Usonian homes
- Dudley Spencer House, Wilmington, Delaware
- John D. Haynes's house, Fort Wayne, Indiana
- Goetsch-Winckler House, Okemos, Michigan
- Alvin's Residence and Inez Miller, Charles City, Iowa
- Arthur Pieper's house, Valley of Heaven, Arizona
- Bachman Wilson's house, Millstone, New Jersey
- Benjamin Rebhuhn's House, Bigger Estate, New York
- Bernard Schwartz House, Two Rivers, Wisconsin
- Donald Schaberg House, Okemos, Michigan
- Donald C. Duncan House, Donegal, Pennsylvania (unpacked and removed from its original location in Lisle, Illinois)
- Dorothy H. Turkel House, Detroit, Michigan
- Frank S. Sander House, Stamford, Connecticut
- Erling P. Brauner House, Okemos, Michigan
- Evelyn and Conrad Gordon House, Wilsonville, Oregon (then move to Silverton, Oregon)
- George Sturges House, Los Angeles, California
- Herbert and Katherine Jacobs First House, Madison, Wisconsin
- J.A. Sweeton Residence, Cherry Hill, New Jersey
- John and Ruth Pew House, Shorewood Hills, Wisconsin
- John Gillin Residence, Dallas, Texas
- John T. and Margaret Nichols House, Allouez, Wisconsin
- Kenneth and Phyllis Laurent House, Rockford, Illinois
- Kentuck Knob, Stewart City, Fayette County, Pennsylvania
- John's house and Syd Dobkins, Canton, Ohio
- Nathan Rubin House, Canton, Ohio
- Ellis Feiman House, Canton, Ohio
- Louis Penfield House, Willoughby Hills, Ohio
- Houses and Cottages of Love, Stillwater, Minnesota
- Lowell and Agnes Walter House, Quasqueton, Iowa
- Malcolm Willey House, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Melvyn Maxwell and Sara Stein Smith House, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
- Muirhead House, Hampshire, Illinois
- Paul J. and Ida Trier House, Johnston, Iowa
- Paul and Jean Hanna House, Palo Alto, California
- Pope-Leighey House, Alexandria, Virginia
- Robert H. Sunday House, Marshalltown, Iowa
- Robert and Rae Levin House, Kalamazoo, Michigan
- Rosenbaum House, Florence, Alabama
- Samara (John's Christian Home), West Lafayette, Indiana
- Usonia House, Pleasantville, New York
- Sol Friedman House
- Edward Serlin House
- Roland Reisley House
- Weltzheimer/Johnson's House, Oberlin, Ohio
- Zimmerman House, Manchester, New Hampshire
- Kraus House, Kirkwood, Missouri
- Hause's house, Lansing, Michigan
- Peters Margedant House, University of Evansville, Evansville, Indiana
Also see
- Polikrom's Historic District, similar efforts to provide cheap housing by John Joseph Earley
Note
External links
- John D. Haynes's house
- Jones House
- Jacobs's House
- Frank Lloyd Wright: Usonian House at PBS.org
- Columbia University - Usonia: Frank Lloyd Wright's Vision for America
- Pope-Leighey House, the home of the Usonian in Alexandria, Virginia, is open to the public
- Weltzheimer/Johnson House, the home of Usonian in Oberlin, Ohio, is open to the public
- [1], Rosenbaum House Florence Alabama
- List of Usonian homes
- Post-Usonian Project
- Florida Southern College
- Inspired Communities - Usonia
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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