A stove is a closed chamber where fuel is burned to heat the chamber where the stove is located, or goods placed on the heated stove itself.
There are many types of stoves such as kitchen stoves used for cooking food, and wood burning stoves or coal stoves that are commonly used to heat a dwelling.
Due to concerns about air pollution, efforts have been made to improve the design of the stove for many years. Pellet stoves, for example, are a kind of clean burning furnace, and airtight furnaces are another type that burns wood more perfectly and therefore reduces the amount of combustion produced.
In the US since 1992, all manufactured wood stoves are required to limit particulate emissions.
Video Stove
Origin
The Old English stofa means any individual enclosed space, such as a room, and 'stove' is sometimes still used in that sense, such as 'untouchable'. Until the 19th century, the 'stove' was used to mean a heated room, so Joseph Bank's statement that he 'placed his most valuable plant on the stove' or Renà © Descarte's observation that he got 'his greatest philosophical inspiration while sitting in the stove' not strange as it was first seen.
In its earliest endorsement, cooking was done by roasting meat and tubers in open flames. Pottery and other cooking vessels can be placed directly over an open fire, but the arrangement of the vessel on the support, as simple as a three stone base, produces a stove. Three stone stoves are still widely used throughout the world. In some areas it develops into a slope of mud or U-shaped dry brick with an opening in front for fuel and air, sometimes with a second small hole in the back.
Maps Stove
Kitchen stove
Kitchen stoves, stoves, or stoves are kitchenware designed for the purpose of cooking food. The kitchen stove relies on direct heat applications for the cooking process and may also contain an oven underneath or to the side used for grilling. Traditionally this has been driven by wood and one of the earliest recorded examples of wood burning stoves is what is called boiled stove (developed in 1735 by French designer FranÃÆ'§ois de CuvilliÃÆ'Â © and officially called Castrol Stove ). More modern versions such as the popular Rayburn Range offer a choice between using wood or gas
Wood burning stove
Coal Furnaces
The most common stove for industrial heating for almost a century and a half is the coal burner that burns coal. The coal furnaces come in different sizes and shapes and different operating principles. Coal burns at much higher temperatures than wood, and coal stoves must be built to withstand high levels of heat. The coal stove can burn wood or coal, but the wood stove can not burn coal unless a scar is provided. Scarring can be removed or "extra".
This is because the coal stove is equipped with a fireplace so as to allow parts of the combustion air to be received under fire. The proportion of air received over/under fire depends on the type of coal. Coal and lignite coal evolved more flammable gases than say anthracite and require more air over the fire. The ratio of air above/under fire must be carefully adjusted to allow complete combustion.
Efficiency
Compared to simple open fires, the enclosed furnace can offer greater efficiency and control. In free air, solid fuels burn at temperatures of only about 240 ° C (464 ° F), which is too low for the perfect combustion reaction to occur, the heat generated through convection is largely lost, smoke particles evolved without being completely burned and the combustion air supply can not be controlled easily.
By attaching a fire in a room and connecting it to the chimney, the draft (draft) generated draws fresh air through the burning fuel. This causes the combustion temperature to rise to a point (600 ° C or 1,112 ° F) where efficient combustion is achieved, the enclosure allows the entry of air to be adjusted and the losses by convection are almost eliminated. It is also possible, with an ingenious design, to direct the flow of burning gas inside the stove so that the smoke particles are heated and destroyed.
Attaching a fire also prevents air from being sucked from the room to the chimney. This can represent significant heat loss because open fireplaces can attract many cubic meters of hot air per hour. Efficiency is generally regarded as the maximum heat output from a stove or fire, and is usually referred to by the manufacturer as the difference between heat to the room and the heat lost from the chimney.
The initial fix was the fire chamber: a closed fire on three sides by a brick wall and covered by an iron plate. New in 1735, the first design that actually closed the fire appeared: Castrol stove of French architect FranÃÆ'§ois de CuvilliÃÆ'Â Â s was a masonry construction with several fire pits covered by hollow iron plates. It's also known as a boiled cook . Toward the end of the 18th century, the design was perfected by hanging pots in the holes through the top iron plate, thus increasing the heat efficiency even more.
In 1743, Benjamin Franklin discovered the all-metal fireplace with an effort to improve efficiency. It is still an open-faced fireplace, but improves efficiency compared to ancient fireplaces.
Some stoves use catalytic converters that cause burning of gas particles and previously unburned smoke. Other models use designs that include fire box insulation, a large baffle to generate hotter and hotter gas flow paths. Modern enclosed stoves are often built with windows to let out light and allow the user to see the progress of fire.
While a closed stove is usually usually more efficient and can be controlled than open fires, there are exceptions. The type of open 'open fire' open water heater commonly used in Ireland, for example, can reach more than 80% of absolute efficiency.
Materials
The Masonry heater was developed to control the airflow on the stove. The masonry heater is designed to allow complete combustion by burning fuel at full temperature without air flow restriction. Due to the large thermal mass, the heat captured is radiated for long periods without the need for constant combustion, and the surface temperature is generally harmless to touch.
Metal stoves began to be used in the 18th century. An early and famous example of a metal stove is Franklin's stove, which supposedly was invented by Benjamin Franklin in 1742. It has a labyrinthine path for exhaust gas to escape, allowing heat to enter the room instead of rising into the chimney.. The Franklin stove, however, is designed for heating, not for cooking. Benjamin Thompson at the turn of the 19th century included the first to present a metal working metal cooker. His Rumford Fireplace uses a fire to heat some pots that are also hung into a hole so they can be heated from the side as well. It is even possible to set the heat individually for each hole. The stove is designed for large canteen or castle kitchens. It will take 30 more years until the technology has been refined and the size of the iron stove has been sufficiently reduced for domestic use. Phillin Stove Philo Stewart is a much more compact, wood burning wood furnace patented in the US in 1834. It became a huge commercial success with about 90,000 units sold over the next 30 years. In Europe, similar designs also appeared in the 1830s. In the following years, this iron stove evolved into a special cooking utensil with a chimney tube connected to a chimney, an oven hole, and an installation for heating water. The hole that was originally open in which a hung pot is now covered with a concentric iron ring in which the pot is placed. Depending on the size of the pot or heat required, a person can remove the inner ring.
Modern furnace design
As concerns about air pollution, deforestation and climate change have increased, new efforts have been made to improve the design of the furnace. The biggest step has been made in innovation for biomass burning stoves, such as wood burning stoves used in many of the most populous countries. This new design overcomes the fundamental problem that wood and other biomass fires inefficiently consume large amounts of fuel to produce relatively small amounts of heat, while generating smoke that causes significant internal and environmental pollutants. The World Health Organization has documented a large number of deaths caused by smoke from home fires. Increased efficiency means that stove users can spend less time collecting wood or other fuels, suffer less emphysema and other common lung diseases in smoke-filled homes, while reducing deforestation and air pollution.
Corn and pellet stoves and stoves are a type of biofuel stove. The dry core of corn kernels, also called corn pellets, creates as much heat as the wood pellets but produces more ash. "Corn pellet stoves and wood pellet stoves look the same from the outside because they are so efficient they do not need a chimney, but they can be thrown outdoors by a four inch (102 mm) pipe through the outer wall and so can be placed in any room in home. "
The pellet stove is a kind of clean-burning stove that uses small, renewable, and very clean, biological fuel pellets. Home heating using pellet stoves is an alternative that is currently used around the world, with rapid growth in Europe. Pellets are made from renewable materials - usually sawdust or cut into pieces. Currently there are more than half a million homes in North America using pellet stoves for heat, and probably the same amount in Europe. Pellet stoves typically use a feed screws to transfer pellets from the storage hopper to the combustion chamber. Air is provided for burning by electric blower. Auto-ignition, using airflow heated by electrical elements. The speed of feeder rotation and fan speed can be varied to modulate the heat output.
Other efficient stoves are based on Top Lit updraft (T-LUD) or Woodgas or Smoke Burner stoves, a principle applied and made popular by Drs. Thomas Reed, who uses small pieces of sticks, wood chips or shavings, leaves, etc., as fuel. Its efficiency is very high up to 50 percent compared to traditional stoves that average 5 to 15 percent.
Alcohol-induced stoves, such as ethanol, offer other modern clean burning stove options. The ethanol fuel stove has been made popular through the work of Gaia Projects in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.
Strict air stove
The air-tight stove is a wood-burning stove designed to burn solid fuel, traditionally wood, in a controlled manner thereby providing efficient and controlled fuel use, and the benefits of stable heating or cooking temperature. They are made of sheet metal, which consists of a drum-like combustion chamber with open and closed air flow openings, and a meter or longer chimney.
This stove is most often used to heat buildings in winter. Wood or other fuels are fed into the stove, switched on, and then airflow is set to control burns. Incoming airflow is good at the rate at which fuel is added, or below it. Smoke (smoke) from the stove is usually a few meters above the combustion chamber.
Most modern airtight stoves have dampers in stove outlets that can be closed to force the exhaust through the burner after at the top of the stove, the heating chamber where the combustion process continues. Some airtight furnaces have a catalytic converter, a platinum grid placed in a stove outlet to burn off unburned fuel. (Gas burns at much lower temperatures in the presence of platinum.)
Using an airtight furnace initially requires that the air damper and ventilation be opened until a coal seam is formed. After that, the damper is closed and the air vent is set to slow the wood burning. The air-tight, loaded and controlled stoves will burn safely for eight hours or more without further concern.
These features provide more perfect wood burning and removal of pollution burning products. It also provides a fire intensity setting by limiting the airflow, and for fires to create strong designs or arrange chimneys. This results in a very efficient use of fuel.
The airtight furnace is a more sophisticated version of a traditional wood burning stove.
Emissions settings
Many countries make laws to control emissions. Since 2015, EPA Woodstove Phase III regulations in the US require that all manufactured wood stoves limit particulate emissions by 4.5 grams per hour for stoves with burners after or 2.5 grams per hour for stoves with catalytic converters.
The combustion temperature in a modern stove can be increased to the point where secondary and complete combustion of fuel occurs. A well-fired stone heater has little or no particulate pollution in the exhaust and does not contribute to creosote buildup in the chimney heater or chimney. Some stoves only reach 1 to 4 grams per hour. It's about 90% less smoke than the older stove, and is equivalent to almost zero smoke seen from the chimney. This is largely achieved by causing the maximum amount of burning material, resulting in a net efficiency of 60 to 70% compared to less than 30% for an open fireplace. (The net efficiency is the amount of heat energy transferred to the room compared to the amount contained in the wood, minus the amount of central heating should work to compensate for the airflow problem.)
Stove research and development
The search for safer and cleaner stoves remains an important area for modern technology. The commonly used cookstoves around the world, especially in Third World countries, are considered a fire hazard and worse: according to the World Health Organization, one million and a half people die each year from inhaling indoor smoke caused by damaged stoves. "Camp Stoves" engineers have been held annually since 1999 by Aprovecho Research Center (Oregon, USA) with the intent of designing cheap, efficient, and healthy cook stoves for use around the world. Other engineering societies (see Envirofit, Colorado, USA) and philanthropic groups (see Gates Foundation, California, USA) continue to research and promote better cooking stove designs. A focus on research and development on improved heating stoves is ongoing and on display at Wood Stove Decathlon in 2013 in Washington DC.
See also
References
Further reading
- Harris, Howell J., "Creating the US Stove Industry, 1815-1875: Creating and Selling Old Consumers First Durable," Business History Review, 82 (Winter 2008)), 701-33
- Harris, Howell, "Overcoming Competition: Collaboration and Collusion in the US Stove Industry, 1870-1930," Business History Review, 86 (Winter 2012), 657-692.
- Roth C., "First Micro Gasification: Cooking with gas from biomass", released January 2011 Published by GIZ HERA - Poverty Oriented Baseline Energy Services
External links
- Woodheat.org's information on woodstoves
- Thomas "Electric" Ahearn, Thomas Edison Canada
- Early Chinese Stove
- Early Japanese Furnace
- Energy Star Tools
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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