A British country house is a large house or house in the English countryside. Such houses are often owned by individuals who also own a town house. This allows them to spend time in the country and in the city - hence, for these people, the term distinguishes between city and state. However, the term also includes homes that are, and often still are, full-time residences for landlords who ruled the English countryside until the Reform Law of 1832. Often, formal business from the districts is transacted in these country houses.
With a large number of indoor and outdoor staff, rural houses are important as workplaces for many rural communities. In turn, until the agriculture depression of the 1870s, plantations, in which the state houses became the center, gave the owner income. However, the late 19th and early 20th centuries were the lifestyle of traditional English country houses. Increased taxation and the impact of World War I led to the demolition of hundreds of homes; those who still have to adapt to survive.
While chÃÆ' Â ¢ teau or schloss can be fortified or unfortified buildings, rural homes are usually not fortified. If fortified, it's called a castle, but not all buildings with fortified 'fortified' names (eg, Highclere Castle).
Video English country house
Great British home
The term magnificent house is arguable, and avoided by other historians and academics. As a description of the country house, the term was first used in a poem by Felicia Hemans, The Homes of England , originally published in Blackwood's Magazine in 1827. On the 20th century , the term was later popularized in a song by Noà  «Coward, and in modern usage it often implies a country house that is open to visitors at least some of the time.
In the United Kingdom, the terms "village house" and "magnificent house" are sometimes used vaguely and interchangeably; However, many country houses like Ascott in Buckinghamshire are deliberately designed not to be pretentious, and to harmonize with landscapes, while some large houses such as Kedleston Hall and Holkham Hall are built as "powerhouse homes" to dominate the landscape, and most definitely meant to be " "and impressive. In his book Historical House: Conversations at Konyak House, writer and journalist Robert Harling documents nineteen "magnificent houses"; this range in size from the vast Blenheim palace to the very small Ebberston Hall, and in the architecture of the Jacobean Renaissance of Hatfield House to the eccentricity of Sezincote. The book collection of magnificent houses also includes the Brighton city palace of George IV, the Royal Pavilion.
Maps English country house
Evolution
British country houses have evolved over the last five hundred years. Prior to this time, larger homes were usually fortified, reflecting the position of their owners as feudal lords, the de facto masters of their nobility. Tudor's period of stability in the country sees the construction of the first unprofitable big house. The dissolution of the monasteries of Henry VIII saw many of the former ecclesiastical properties given to the King's favorites, which later turned them into rural houses. Woburn Abbey, Forde Abbey, and many other luxury homes with monasteries or priests in their name became private homes during this period. Other terms used in house names to describe their origin or interest include the palace , castle , palace , hall , home , park , home , manor and place .
In the second half of the Elizabeth I administration, and under his successor, James I, that the mansions designed by the first architect, who is considered today as the epitomising of English country houses, began to emerge. Burghley House, Longleat House and Hatfield House is one of the most famous examples of striking magical houses, often built with the intention of attracting the king for a visit. During the reign of Charles I, Inigo Jones and his form of Palladianism have changed the face of British domestic architecture completely, with the use of towers and towers as architectural references to previous palaces and fortified houses that completely disappeared. The Palladian style, in various forms, interrupted briefly by the baroque, will dominate until the second half of the 18th century when, influenced by the ancient Greek style, gradually evolved into neoclassicism championed by architects such as Robert Adam.
Some of the famous of the British country houses were built by one architect at a particular time: Montacute House, Chatsworth House, and Blenheim Palace are examples. It is interesting that while the latter two are ducal palaces, Montacute, although built by Master of the Rolls to Queen Elizabeth I, was occupied for the next 400 years by his descendants, the nobleman without the London townhouse, rather than the aristocracy. They finally ran out of funds at the beginning of the 20th century.
However, most of the lesser-known British state houses, often owned at different times by gentlemen and colleagues, are the evolution of one or more styles with facades and wings in different styles in high architectural blends, often interpreted by a local architect or surveyor, and determined by practicability as much as by architectural taste. An example of this is Brympton d'Evercy in Somerset, home of many periods united architecturally by the continuous use of the same soft, local Ham Hill rocks.
The fashionable William Kent redesigned Rousham House only to change it quickly and drastically to make room for the twelve children of owners. The Ashby Canon, home to the family of poet John Dryden, is another example of architectural evolution: an enlarged medieval farmhouse in the Tudor era around a courtyard, granted the majestic plaster plaster in the Stuart period, and later having the Georgian façade added to the century to-18. The whole is a perfect incompatibility of style and perfect fashions. This could be called a true English country house. Wilton House, one of the grandest houses in England, is very similar; though, while Drydens, a mere guard, at Canons Ashby hired a local architect, in the mighty Wilton Earls of Pembroke hired the best architect of the day: Holbein first, 150 years later Inigo Jones, and then Wyatt followed by Chambers. Each uses a different architectural style, which does not seem to know the wing design around the next corner. These diverse "fixes", often criticized at the time, today are the qualities that make the home of a British country unique.
Size and type
Rich and influential people, often bored with their official duties, go to the country to get out of London, the ugliest and most uncomfortable city in the world; they create a long weekend to stay away for as long as possible. mÃÆ' Â © tier they are political; they speak politics; and they make politics, spontaneously.
There is no written word to distinguish between large state palaces and relatively small rural houses; Descriptive terms, which may include castle , manor and court , do not provide clear instructions and are often used only because of historical relationships with such building sites. Therefore, for ease or explanation, British country houses can be categorized according to the state of their creation.
Power houses
big house is the largest of the country houses; in the court of truth, built by the most powerful state - it is designed to show the strength or ambition of their owners to power. Large fortified or fortified houses began to take over from the traditional castles of crowns and kings during the Tudor period, with large houses such as Hampton Court Palace and Burghley House, and continued into the 18th century with houses such as Castle Howard, Kedleston Hall and Holkham Hall. Such a building reached its peak from the late 17th century until the mid-18th century; these houses are often built or completely rebuilt by one of the leading architects in today's most modern architectural style and often have Baroque apartment suites, usually in enfilades, reserved for the most distinguished guests, among which entertainment is essential in building and retain owners' power. The common denominations of this category of UK country houses are that they are designed to live with a certain degree of ceremony and splendor. It's not unusual for a family to have a washroom suite to attract privacy away from the crowds living in the household. These homes have always been an alternative residence for a home in London.
During the 18th and 19th centuries, for the highest echelons of British society, this country house served as a place to relax, hunt and run the country on an equal footing by the end of the week, with some homes having their own theater where the show was performed. staged.
However, the village house is not just an oasis of pleasure for some of the lucky ones; it is the center of its own world, providing employment for hundreds of people around its inheritance. In earlier eras, when state benefits were unheard of, those working on plantations were among the luckiest, receiving guaranteed jobs and rent-free accommodation. At the top of this category of people is the staff of the country house. Unlike many of their contemporaries before the 20th century, they slept in decent beds, dressed fairly well and received three meals a day, plus small wages. In an era when many people still die from malnutrition or lack of medication, long hours are a small price to pay.
As a result of the aristocratic custom of being married only in the aristocracy, and whenever possible for a sole heir, many rural house owners have several luxury homes in the country, and will visit each season accordingly: Grouse shoots Scots, bird shootings and fox hunting in England. Earl of Rosebery, for example, owns Dalmeny House in Scotland, Mentmore Towers in Buckinghamshire, and another house near Epsom just for the racing season. For many, this way of life, which began to decline steadily in 1914, continued into the twentieth century, and for some that continues today.
Small country house
In the second category of British country houses is a home owned by talent scouts or nobles. It tends to have evolved from medieval hall houses, with rooms added as needed, or specially constructed by relatively unknown local architects. Smaller numbers, and much larger than "generating houses," are still the center of their own land, but often the abode of their owners.
However, whether owners of "generating houses" or small noblemen, the residents of British state homes have been collectively referred to as the ruling class, because this is exactly what they do on many levels, whether by having a high political influence. and power in national government, or in daily carrying out of their own areas in offices such as lord/deputy lieutenant, judge, or sometimes even priest.
Victorian-Victorian house
After the industrial revolution of the nineteenth century, the third category of country houses was built when the wealthy industrialists and wealthy bankers were eager to showcase their riches and tastes. In the 1850s, with the booming British economy, new homes were built in one of the many popular revivalist architectural styles throughout the 19th century. The builders of these new homes can take advantage of the political unrest in Europe that gave rise to a major trade in architectural rescue. The new wave of country house buildings is exemplified by the Rothschild property in the Home area.
Decline
The slow decline of British state homes coincides with rises not only from taxes, but also modern industries, along with agricultural depression in the 1870s. By 1880, this had caused some financially deficient owners when they tried to balance their plantation maintenance with the income they gave. Some rely on funds from secondary sources such as banking and other temporary commerce, such as the very poor Duke of Marlborough, look for American heirs to save their country homes and lifestyles.
The ultimate death began shortly after World War I. The enormous staff needed to maintain large houses had gone to battle and never returned, set out to work in ammunition factories, or to fill the void left behind by those who fighting in other work places. Of those returning after the war, many left the countryside to get better paid jobs in the cities. The final blow to many country houses occurred after World War II; had been taken over during the war, they were returned to the owners in bad repair. Many planters, who lost their heirs, if not in an imminent war in World War I, now pay much higher taxes, and agricultural revenues decline. Thus, the solution for many people is to hold content auctions and then destroy houses and sell rocks, fireplaces, and panels. This is what happens to many of the best houses in the UK.
Despite this slow decline, up to 1920, indispensable was the country house for entertainment and prestige that, after the election of the first Labor Government in 1921, Viscount Lee of Fareham donated his country Checkers home to the state for the use of a prime minister who may not have his own. Checkers still meet those needs today like Chevening House and Dorneywood, donated for the sole use of Crown majors.
Today
Today, many state homes have become hotels, schools, hospitals, museums and prisons, while others have survived as preserved ruins, but from the early 20th century to early 1970s hundreds of state homes were destroyed. Homes that survived the destruction are now mostly Grade I or II listed as historic buildings - and only the most loyal, most accurate, and most appropriate restorations and creations are allowed. Such work, however, is usually very expensive, although the system ensures that everything is done correctly and authentically. The negative side is that many owners can not afford to pay for work, so the roof remains leaked for the sake of cheap tile. The first grand house opened to the public in England in a modern style is said to be Stoneleigh Abbey in Warwickshire.
Although the ownership or management of some homes has been transferred to personal beliefs, especially in Chatsworth, other homes have moved artwork and furniture under the Substitute Admission scheme for ownership by various national or local museums, but are preserved for display in buildings. This allows the previous owner to offset taxes, payments that should require the sale of artwork. For example, tapestries and furniture at Houghton Hall are now owned by the Victoria and Albert Museum. In addition, more and more state houses have licenses for marriage and civil ceremonies. Another source of income is using the house as a party place, movie location, and entertainment venue. While many state homes are open to the public, they are still inhabited private homes, in some cases by the offspring of their original owners.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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