The butterfly is a swim stroke swimming in the chest, with both hands moving symmetrically, accompanied by a kick butterfly (also known as "bolly dolphin kick "). While other styles such as breaststroke, front crawling, or backstroke can swim well by beginners, butterflies are a more difficult stroke that requires good technique and strong muscles. This is the latest swim style in the competition, first swimming in 1933 and derived from the style of the chest.
Video Butterfly stroke
Speed ​​and ergonomics
The top speed of the butterfly is faster than the front crawling, or freestyle because of the synchronous pull/push with both hands and feet, which is done fairly quickly. However, as speed drops significantly during the recovery phase, overall it is slightly slower than the front crawl, especially at longer distances. Another reason it is slower is due to the very different physical exertion of the swimmer compared to freestyle. His name is taken from a butterfly.
Chest style, backstroke, and crawling in front all can swim easily even if the swimmer's technique is wrong. Butterflies, however, do not forgive mistakes in style; it is very difficult to overcome a bad butterfly technique with brute strength. Many swimmers and coaches consider it the most difficult swimming style. The main difficulty for beginners is synchronous over-water recovery, especially when combined with breathing, because both arms, head, shoulders and chest should be lifted out of the water for these tasks. Once an efficient technique has been developed, it becomes a smooth, fast stroke.
Maps Butterfly stroke
History
Australia Sydney Cavill (1881-1945), son of "professor of swimming" Frederick Cavill, is a 220-yard Australian amateur champion at the age of 16 and is credited as the originator of the stroke butterfly. He follows his famous brothers to America and trains a famous swimmer at San Francisco's Olympic Club.
In late 1933 Henry Myers swam butterflies in a competition at Brooklyn Central YMCA. Butterfly style evolved from breaststroke. David Armbruster, a swimming trainer at the University of Iowa, examines breaststroke, especially given the dragging problem of underwater recovery. In 1934, Armbruster perfected a method for bringing the arm up on the water in a chest style. He calls this style a "butterfly". While the butterfly is difficult, it brings an incredible speed increase. One year later, in 1935, Jack Sieg, a swimmer also from the University of Iowa, developed a kick technique that involved swimming on his side and striking his legs simultaneously, similar to a fish tail, and then modifying the technique afterwards to swim. looking down. He calls this style the Dolphin fishtail kick . Armbruster and Sieg quickly discovered that combining these techniques created a very fast swim style consisting of a butterfly arm with two dolphin kicks per cycle. Richard Rhodes claims that Volney Wilson created 'Dolphins' after studying fish, and used them to win the 1938 US Olympic Trial, making it disqualified.
Currently, all styles are called butterflies , but sometimes still called dolphins , especially when referring to dolphin kicks .
This new style is much faster than the usual chest style. Using this technique Jack Sieg swims 100 meters in 1: 00.2. However, a dolphin fishtail kick violates the chest-style rule set by FINA and is not permitted. Therefore, the butterfly arm with a chest kick was used by some swimmers at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin for a chest-style competition. In 1938, almost every swimmer with the style of the butterfly, but this stroke was regarded as a variant of breaststroke until 1952, when it was accepted by FINA as a separate style with its own set of rules. The 1956 Summer Olympics were the first Olympic games in which the butterflies swam as separate competitions, 100m (women) and 200m (men).
Technique
The butterfly technique with a dolphin kick consists of synchronous arm movements with synchronous kick kicks. Good technique is very important to swim this style effectively. Body movements like waves are also very significant in creating propulsion, as this is the key to easy synchronized water and breathing recovery.
In the starting position, the swimmer lies on the chest, arms stretched forward, and the leg stretches back.
Arm movement
Butterfly stroke has three main parts, pull, push, and recovery. This can also be subdivided. From the starting position, arm movement begins very similar to a breast stroke. At first, the palm slightly slumps downward with palms facing outwards and slightly down with shoulder width, then hands move out to create Y. This is called catching water. The tensile movements follow the semicircle with the elbows higher than the hands and hands pointing towards the center of the body and downward to form a traditionally taught "keyhole."
The urge pushes the palm of the hand back through the water beneath the body at the beginning and next to the body at the tip of the thrust. The swimmer only pushes the 1/3 arm from the road to the hip, making it easier to get into recovery and make the recovery shorter and make the breathing window shorter. Movement increases the speed in all pull-push phases until the hand becomes the fastest at the push end. This step is called release and is very important for recovery. Speed ​​at the push end is used to aid recovery.
Recovery swung arm sideways across the water surface forward, with a straight elbow. The arm should be swung forward from the tip of the underwater motion, the extension of the triceps in combination with the butterfly kick will allow the arm to be brought forward relaxed but quickly. Unlike the recovery of front crawling, the recovery of this arm is ballistic. The only other way to lift your arms and shoulders out of the water is to drop one's hip. Therefore, recovery, at least arm acceleration, is not at all relaxed. It is important not to put water in too early, as this will generate extra resistance as the arm moves forward in the water against the direction of the pool, however, over longer distances, this is unavoidable, and more important to avoid dropping a person. hip. High elbow recovery, as in front crawling, will be detrimental due to natural erosion caused in part by the recovery and relaxed movement caused by triceps extension momentum. The limitation of shoulder movement in the human body makes such a move impossible. Hands must enter the water again at 11 and one with the first thumbs in and the last pinkies.
The arms enter the water with the first thumb on the broad shoulder. The wider entry loses movement in the next phase of attraction, and the smaller entry, where the touch of the hand, wastes energy. The cycle repeats with a pull phase. However, some people prefer to touch up front, as it helps them catch water, as long as they can do this efficiently, they do not lose anything.
Foot movement
The legs are synchronized with each other using a different set of muscles. The shoulders carry it up to the surface by a powerful kick up and down, and back below the surface with a powerful down and up kick. A smooth undulation combines the movement together.
The feet are pressed together to avoid loss of water pressure. The legs naturally point downwards, giving a push downward, moving up the legs and pressing on the head.
There is no real provision in the competitive butterfly rule that swimmers make some fixed pulses in the butterfly - swimmers can kick as little or as much as they want. While competitive rules allow such choices, the typical method of butterfly swimming is with two kicks.
Since the butterflies originate as a variant on the breaststroke, it will be done with a chest or whip blow by some swimmers. While breaststroke was separated from butterflies in 1953, the butterfly's chest kick was not officially banned until 2001. But a number of Masters swimmers were angry with the change as they came from a time when butterflies usually swam with chest kicks. FINA was then convinced to allow a chest kick in the Masters pool. With that choice, most swimmers choose to use the action of kicking a dolphin, but there is still a small minority of swimmers who prefer a chest kick, to swimming recreation and even to competition.
Breathe
There is only a short window to breathe in butterflies. If this window is passed, swimming becomes very difficult. Optimally, a butterfly swimmer synchronizes the breathing with body undulations to simplify the breathing process; doing this well requires attention to the technique of butterfly stroke. The respiratory process begins during the lower part of the "press" of the stroke. When the hands and forearms move under the chest, the body will naturally rise to the surface of the water. With minimal effort, the swimmer can lift the head to break the entire surface. Swimmers breathe through the mouth. Head back in the water after the arms out of the water as they swing forward above the water level. If his head gets too long out, his recovery is hampered. The swimmer breathes through his mouth and nose until his next breath.
Normally, the breath is taken every other stroke. This can be maintained remotely. Often, breathing any stroke slows the swimmer down. (To some extent, respiratory strokes become as fast as nonbreathing strokes; therefore, highly experienced competitors, such as Michael Phelps, can inhale every stroke.) Other respiratory intervals performed by elite swimmers include a "two up, one down" approach where swimmers breathe for twice in a row and then hold their heads in the water on the next stroke, which is easier in the lungs. Swimmers with good lung capacity may also breathe every 3rd stroke during a sprint to complete. Some swimmers can even hold their breath for the whole race (assuming that it's short). To be able to swim with the best results, it is important to keep one's head while taking a breath. If the swimmer lifts his head too high, the swimmer's hip often falls, creating a tug, thus slowing the swimmer. The closer one's head to the water the better swimming is the common technique used by swimmers.
Body movement
Swimming butterflies are difficult if the core is not used, and the right time and body movements make the butterfly swimming much easier. The body moves in a wave-like manner, controlled by the core, and when the chest is pressed down, the hips up, and posteriorly breaks the surface of the water and transfers it to the liquid kick. During the push phase, the chest rises and the hips are at the lowest position. In this force, the second pulse in the cycle is stronger than the first pulse, because the second pulse is more flowing with body movement.
Although the butterfly is highly compatible with diving, the resulting reduction in waves does not lead to a reduction in overall obstacles. In modern style butterfly one stroke is not just a slight vertical movement of the body.
Start
Butterflies use regular prefixes to swim. After starting the gliding phase follow under water, followed by dolphin kicks swimming under water. Swimming underwater reduces the resistance of breaking the surface and is very economical. The rules allow for 15m to swim underwater before the heads have to break the surface, and regular swimming begins.
Flip and finish
During the turn and during the finish, both hands must simultaneously touch the wall while the swimmer stays swimming face down. The swimmer touches the wall with both hands while bending the elbows slightly. The bent elbow allows the swimmer to push itself away from the wall and turn sideways. One hand leaves the wall to move under the water front. At the same time the foot is pulled closer and moves under the body toward the wall. The second hand leaves the wall to be moved forward on the water. This is often referred to as "substitution/under" or "open turn". Feet touch the wall and hands are in front. Swimmers drown under water and lie on the chest, or almost so. Then the swimmer pushes against the wall, keeping the position slim with his hands forward. Similar to the start, swimmers are allowed to swim 15 m underwater before the head has to break the surface. Most swimmers do dolphins after the initial glide phase.
Finish requires the swimmer to touch the wall with both hands at the same time, in the same horizontal plane.
Style
There are four styles of butterfly stroke.
The two main styles of stroke butterflies seen today are: "pull arm simultaneously with dolphin kicks" and "pulling down arm along with dolphin kicks".
"Attractive arms coincide with dolphin kicks": Once the head goes under the water, both arms go under the water but still higher than the head. After the first dolphin kick, pull both arms immediately with movement down . While pulling arms, legs relaxed, both knees and waist slightly bent to prepare dolphins. Once the arm pushes the water to the back, pull the arm up alongside the dolphin kick. In this style, the turning point from the sink to the floating is at the moment of arm movement down.
"Arm pull down simultaneously with a dolphin kick": After the head goes underwater, both arms go underwater until it is lower than the head. After the first dolphin kick, raise your hands relaxed . Raising your arms, bend both knees and waist to send the body back to the surface and prepare the dolphins. Pull both arms down while doing a dolphin kick. After this order, immediately push the water back. In this style, the turning point from sink to floating is at the bend of the waist.
Two additional butterfly styles are similar to the two styles above, but without a "second" dolphin kick. This allows swimmers to save energy and be more relaxed.
FINA stroke butterfly rules
SW 8.1 From the beginning of the first arm stroke after start and every turn, the body should be stored in the breast. Under the water kick on the side is allowed. Not allowed to roll back anytime.
SW 8.2 Both weapons shall be brought forward together on water and taken backwards simultaneously during the race, subject to SW 8.5.
SW 8.3 All movement up and down legs should be simultaneous. Legs or legs need not be at the same level, but they will not take turns in relation to each other. The chest kicking movement is not allowed.
SW 8.4 At every turn and at the end of the race, touch must be performed with both hands simultaneously, on, above or below the water surface.
SW 8.5 At the beginning and in turns, the swimmer is allowed to perform one or more leg kicks and one arm draw underwater, which should take him to the surface. It will be allowed for the swimmer to actually sink for a distance of no more than 15 meters after start and after each turn. At that point, the head must have damaged the surface. The swimmer must remain on the surface until the next turn or finish.
References
External links
- Media related to Butterflies (swim style) on Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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